Palaeopopulations of Late Pleistocene Top Predators in Europe: Ice Age Spotted Hyenas and Steppe Lions in Battle and Competition about Prey

<table>Late Pleistocene spotted hyenas, steppe lions, and cave bear ethology (cave dwellers or inhabitants) and conflict model for larger cave systems (here Zoolithen Cave, composed from [<a href="/journals/paleontology/2014/106203/#B40">40</a>, <a href="/journals/paleontology/2014/106203/#B41">41</a>], cave-imaging illustrations G. Teichmann).</table>

Paleontology Journal

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Figure 8

Figure 8: Palaeopopulations of Late Pleistocene Top Predators in Europe: Ice Age Spotted Hyenas and Steppe Lions in Battle and Competition about Prey 

Figure 8 | Palaeopopulations of Late Pleistocene Top Predators in Europe: Ice Age Spotted Hyenas and Steppe Lions in Battle and Competition about Prey 