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Research Article

Floristic Composition, Structure, and Species Associations of Dry Miombo Woodland in Tanzania

Table 1

Checklist of tree and shrub species recorded in Gangalamtumba VLFR showing frequency (%), density (mean ± SE), basal area (mean ± SE), dispersion index (DI), and Importance Value Index (IVI), both for the current population of large individuals (plot size = 15 m radius; minimum Dbh = 5 cm) and for stumps (plot size = 20 m radius; minimum basal diameter = 2 cm); SH: shrub, ST: small tree, and T: tree.


S/no.	Vernacular/local name	Species/botanical name	Family	Habit/life form	Current population					Stumps
S/no.	Vernacular/local name	Species/botanical name	Family	Habit/life form	Frequency (%)	Density stem/ha	Basal area (m²/ha)	IVI	DI	Frequency (%)	Density stem/ha	Basal area (m²/ha)	IVI

1	Mgiha	Dalbergia arbutifolia	Fabaceae, subfamily Papilionoideae	ST	60			22.4	47.65	14			17.0
2	Mtono	Commiphora africana	Burseraceae	T	77			17.5	11.42	14			11.1
3	Mlama	Combretum molle G. Don	Combretaceae	T	74			13.2	15.23	34			30.7
4	Mkungugu	Acacia sp.	Mimosaceae	T	23			11.1	28.73	9			6.5
5	Mkwee	Brachystegia spiciformis Benth	Caesalpiniaceae	T	37			11.0	17.31	26			30.8
6	Mkalala	Albizia petersiana (Belle) Oliv.	Mimosaceae	T	40			8.5	27.11	6			9.4
7	Mlyasenga	Combretum zeyheri Sound	Combretaceae	T	43			7.4	15.97	20			4.7
8	Mkombivawo	Bauhinia petersiana	Caesalpiniaceae	SH	34			6.4	20.00
9	Muguvani	Markhamia obtusifolia	Bignoniaceae	T	60			6.4	6.47	6		0.0	2.3
10	Mdeke	Hymenodictyon parvifolium Oliv.	Rubiaceae	ST	31			5.8	27.49	3		0.0	1.7
11	Mubwegele	Sclerocarrya birrea sbsp. birrea	Anacardiaceae	T	34			5.8	4.41	6			2.8
12	Mmemenamene	Margaritaria discoidea (Bail.)	Euphorbiaceae	SH	51			5.7	20.73	3		0.0	0.6
13	Mkambala	Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth.	Mimosaceae	T	29			5.0	3.59	3		0.0	0.8
14	Mugegere	Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn	Mimosaceae	ST	31			4.7	30.86	29			17.8
15	Mbata	Acacia seyal Del. var. seyal	Mimosaceae	T	34			4.5	8.87	3			4.6
16	Mgulumo	Lannea schweinfurthii	Anacardiaceae	T	43			3.9	5.44	9			2.2
17	Muyombo	Brachystegia boehmii	Caesalpiniaceae	T	11			3.8	13.09	6			2.2
18	Mmulimuli	Cassia abbreviata	Caesalpiniaceae	T	34			3.6	13.53	9			4.9
19	Mdavi	Cordia sinensis Lam	Boraginaceae	ST	6			3.4	54.98	3		0.0	0.6
20	Mdwendwe	Terminalia brownii	Combretaceae	T	17			3.2	11.29	3		0.0	1.2
21	Mfilafila	Diplorynchus condylocarpon	Apocynaceae	T	31			3.0	6.46	6		0.0	3.5
22	Mkwata	Codyla densiflora	Caesalpiniaceae	T	9			2.8	2.82	3			8.3
23	Mgunga	Acacia abyssinica (Hochst)	Mimosaceae	T	17			2.4	11.40	6			3.9
24	Mkole	Grewia bicolor	Tiliaceae	ST	26			2.1	10.78	6		0.0	1.5
25	Mparapande	Strychnos potatorum L. f	Loganiaceae	T	23			2.0	13.31	6		0.0	1.7
26	Kitimbwi	Ormocarpum kirkii	Fabaceae	SH	29			1.9	4.92
27	Mtabagila	Lonchocarpus capassa	Fabaceae	T	26			1.7	5.50	3		0.0	0.4
28	Muwotaponzi	Ozoroa insigns ssp. reticulata	Anacardiaceae	T	14			1.6	5.64	14			3.1
29	Msanzi	Gardenia resiniflua Hiern.	Rubiaceae	ST	9			1.6	12.29
30	Mkoga	Vitex payos	Verbenaceae	ST	17			1.5	6.05	3		0.0	0.2
31	Mpelemele	Grewia forbesii Haw. Ex Mast	Tiliaceae	ST	14			1.47	12.46
32	Mnywenywee	Dalbergia boehmii	Fabaceae	T	14			1.5	12.21
33	Mulagavega	Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv.	Mimosaceae	T	14			1.4	7.12
34	Mkola	Afzelia quanzensis	Caesalpiniaceae	T	11			1.4	5.32
35	Mugusi	Brachystegia manga	Caesalpiniaceae	T	20			1.3	8.24	6			2.5
36	Mwahama	Shrebera trichoclada	Oleaceae	T	17			1.2	6.97	3			1.5
37	Mpingo	Dalbergia melanoxylon	Fabaceae	T	11			1.2	16.55	3			2.6
38	Mubaya	Strychnos innocua	Loganiaceae	T	17			1.2	3.75	3			0.6
39	Msisina	Albizia harveyi Fourn.	Mimosaceae	T	14			1.1	3.59	3			1.5
40	Mlimbo	Euphorbia cuneata Valh.	Euphorbiaceae	ST	14			1.1	6.99
41	Mwambi	Elaeodendron buchanannii	Celasteraceae	T	3			1.0	20.00
42	Mvembadanda	Xeroderris stuhlmannii	Fabaceae	T	14			0.9	1.91
43	Mtelela	Brachystegia bussei Harms	Caesalpiniaceae	T	6			0.9	2.53
44	Mteresi	Premna holstii Gürke	Verbenaceae	ST	9			0.9	8.99
45	Mkongolo	Commiphora ugogensis	Burseraceae	T	6			0.8	0.97	3			0.9
46	Muwisa	Boscia angustifolia A. Rich var. angustifolia	Capparaceae	T	17			0.8	4.26
47	Mnyalupuko	Canthium pseudoverticillatum Hien	Rubiaceae	ST	20			0.7	4.14
48	Mnyaluhanga	Bridelia scleuroneura Muell.Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	ST	14			0.7	3.41
49	Mdide	Manilkara mochisia (Bak.) Dubard	Sapotaceae	T	9			0.7	7.93
50	Muhemi	Erythrina abyssinica	Fabaceae	T	6			0.7	1.63
51	Msambarawe	Vangueria infausta Burch. Ssp. Rotundata	Rubiaceae	ST	6			0.6	9.25
52	Mhehefu	Allophylus ferrugineus Taub.	Sapindaceae	SH	9			0.5	5.40	3			1.4
53	Mnyeng’enyeng’e	Excoecaria bussei (Pax)	Euphorbiaceae	ST	11			0.5	3.21
54	Muganga	Berchemia discolor	Rhamnaceae	T	6			0.4	7.17
55	Mninga	Pterocarpus angolensis	Fabaceae	T	6			0.4	2.53	3			2.5
56	Mtanangwe	Ziziphus mucronata	Rhamnaceae	T	3			0.4	9.00
57	Muhekele	Euclea divinorum Hiern	Ebenaceae	ST	3			0.4	8.00	3		0.0	4.9
58	Mubumila	Cassipourea mollis (R.E.fr.) Alstom	Rhizophoraceae	T	9			0.4	5.26	3		0.0	0.4
59	Mkwambe	Flueggea virosa Willd.	Euphorbiaceae	SH	6			0.3	4.06
60	Kivanga	Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell	Sapindaceae	T	9			0.2	2.12	3		0.0	0.2
61	Mninga maji	Pterocarpus tinctorius	Fabaceae	T	3	0		0.2	1.00
62	Mtosi	Maerua triphylla A. Rich.	Capparaceae	ST	3			0.2	6.00
63	Mugosa	Ehretia amoena	Boraginaceae	ST	9		0.0	0.1	0.94
64	Mnyongamembe	Steganotaenia araliacea	Apiaceae	T	6		0.01	0.1	1.63
65	Mvelevele	Vernonia amygdalina	Asteraceae	SH	3			0.1	4.00
66	Mpongolo	Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.)	Rubiaceae	ST	3			0.1	2.00
67	Mboliboli	Acacia drepanolobium (Harms)	Mimosaceae	T	3	0	0.0	0.1	1.00
68	Mwimakigulu	Maerua angolensis	Capparaceae	SH	3		0.0	0.1	3.00
69	Mnyali	Tamarindus indica	Caesalpiniaceae	T	6			0.1	0.97
70	Mgombwani	Combretum aculeatum	Combretaceae	T	6		0.0	0.1	0.97	3		0.0	0.4
71	Msangala	Burkea africana Hook	Caesalpiniaceae	T	3	0		0.1	1.00	3		0.0	0.4
72	Mkokonza	Opilia amentacea Roxb.	Opiliaceae	SH	3	0	0.0	0.0	1.00	3		0.0	4.2
73	Mfumbi	Kigelia africana	Bignoniaceae	T	3	0	0.0	0.0	1.00
74	Mlangali	Euphorbia candelabrum	Euphorbiaceae	T	3	0	0.0	0.0	1.00
75	Mpululu	Terminalia sericea	Combretaceae	T	3	0	0.0	0.0	1.00
76	Mdaha	Diospyros usambarensis F. White	Ebenaceae	T	3	0	0.0	0.0	1.00	3			1.5
77	Mtundwa	Ximenia caffra Sond	Olacaceae	ST	3	0	0.0	0.0	1.00
78	Mwimaperu	Tarenna glaveolens (S. Moore) Brem	Rubiaceae	ST	+
79	Mwesa	Boscia mossambicensis Kl.	Capparaceae	ST	+
80	Musasamulo	Psychotria schummaniana	Rubiaceae	ST	+
81	Muhanza	Senna singueana	Caesalpiniaceae	ST	+
82	Mtundwahavi	Ximenia americana	Olacaceae	ST	+
83	Mtingiligiti	Phyllanthus engleri Pax	Euphorbiaceae	T	+
84	Msada	Vangueria madagascariensis Gmel.	Rubiaceae	ST	+
85	Mkunungu	Zanthoxylum chalybeum	Rutaceae	T	+
86	Lukali	Croton scheffleri Pax	Euphorbiaceae	SH	+
87	Kilimandembwe	Gardenia ternifolia K. Schum. & Thonn.	Rubiaceae	ST	+
88	Mpela/Mbuyu	Adansonia digitata	Bombacaceae	T	++

	Total (all species)				1351			200		294			200

+ indicates species identified among smaller individuals within 5 m radius plots (Dbh < 5 cm), and ++ indicates that a large individual was identified within a 15-radius plot but was not included in the analyses of stem density, basal area, and volume as it was considered an outlier due to its tremendous size (Dbh = 340 cm).