Multiple signaling pathways, involving PKC isozyme regulation and signal transduction, are affected during cancer. PKC isozymes directly or indirectly participate in diverse biological phenomena in cancer cells such as cell migration, invasion, survival, proliferation, and apoptosis. Casp, caspase; JAK, Janus kinase; Grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; SOS, son of sevenless homolog; also see abbreviations in the text. Black arrows indicate activation cascade, while red arrows are used to show the inhibition cascade.