New Journal of Science

Review Article

Protein Kinase C (PKC) Isozymes and Cancer

Table 1

PKC isozymes and their roles in multiple types of cancer cells.
Cancer typesPKC isozymes Roles of PKC isozymesReferences
Bladder cancerPKCαCell proliferation and anticancer drug resistance[31, 33]
PKCδCell motility[39]
Breast cancerPKCαCell proliferation and metastasis, antiapoptosis, antiestrogen resistance[40, 42, 43, 45, 50, 53]
PKCεCell metastasis and antiapoptosis[63, 65, 67]
PKCηCell growth, survival, and antiapoptosis[68–70, 72]
PKCζCell metastasis[74]
PKCδCell survival, migration, invasion, proliferation, antiestrogen resistance, and proapoptosis[80, 83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 97]
Colon cancerPKCαAntiproliferation and anticancer drug resistance[110–112, 119, 120]
PKCβIICell proliferation and invasion when cells overexpressing PKCβII are used[123, 124, 130]
PKCιCarcinogenesis[134, 135]
PKCζAntiproliferation, differentiation, and proapoptosis[136–138]
PKCδCell proliferation and pro- and antiapoptosis[142, 144, 145, 147, 152, 153]
Gastric (stomach) cancerPKCαCell proliferation and antiapoptosis[158, 160, 161]
PKCβIAntiapoptosis[164, 165]
PKCδCell invasion and proapoptosis[170–172]
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) PKCθCell proliferation and antiapoptosis[175]
GliomaPKCαCell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, antiapoptosis, and anticancer drug resistance[189, 190, 192, 196, 197, 204]
PKCεCell survival, invasion, migration, and antiapoptosis[206, 207, 209]
PKCζCell proliferation, survival, invasion, and migration[212–214, 216, 217]
PKCιCell proliferation, survival, and invasion[218, 220, 221, 223]
PKCηCell proliferation and antiapoptosis[224, 225, 227]
PKCδCell proliferation, invasion, and pro-/antiapoptosis [228–231, 240–242]
Head and neck cancerPKCαCell growth and survival[245–247]
PKCεCell proliferation and invasion[248, 249]
PKCζCell proliferation, invasion, and migration[250, 251, 253]
PKCιCell proliferation and antiapoptosis[256, 257]
Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)PKCαCell growth, invasion, and migration[269, 271, 272, 276, 280]
PKCεCell growth and migration [276, 285]
PKCδCell invasion and migration[282]
Lung cancerPKCαCell proliferation, metastasis, and antiapoptosis[288, 291, 293]
PKCεCell proliferation, metastasis, and antiapoptosis[299, 301, 303–305]
PKCιCell growth, survival, and invasion[307, 308, 311, 313]
PKCηCell metastasis and antiapoptosis[321, 322]
PKCδCell survival, invasion, migration, and antiapoptosis[323–326]
MelanomaPKCαCell survival, invasion, and migration[336, 337]
PKCεAntiapoptosis[342–344]
PKCδCell metastasis[347, 348]
Myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia   
 Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)PKCαAnticancer drug resistance[367]
 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)PKCβCell survival[357]
 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) PKCβIICell proliferation, survival, and antiapoptosis[351, 359, 360, 363]
 Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)PKCδCell survival[364, 365]
PKCαAntiapoptosis [370, 376, 379]
PKCδProapoptosis[382–386]
PKCβIICell proliferation and survival[368]
PKCδProapoptosis[374, 375]
Ovarian cancerPKCαCell proliferation and invasion[389, 390]
PKCιCell proliferation [392, 393]
PKCζProapoptosis[394]
Pancreatic cancerPKCαCell differentiation, migration, and antiapoptosis[397, 398, 400, 401]
PKCζCell survival and metastasis[405, 407, 408]
PKCιAngiogenesis and cell metastasis[409, 411]
PKCβICell migration and antiapoptosis[412]
PKCδCell growth and anticancer drug resistance[416, 417]
Prostate cancerPKCαCell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and pro-/antiapoptosis[425, 428–432, 436]
PKCεCell growth, survival, invasion, antiapoptosis, and anticancer drug resistance[438–441, 443–445, 447]
PKCζCell proliferation[456]
PKCηAntiapoptosis[457]
PKCβIICell growth and angiogenesis [458]
PKCδCell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and proapoptosis[420, 459, 460, 468–470]
Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer)PKCαCell invasion[475]
PKCεCell growth, invasion, and migration[475, 479]
PKCδCell migration and invasion[482–484]
Thyroid cancerPKCαCell survival[485, 486]
PKCεCell survival and pro-/antiapoptosis[492–494]
PKCδAntiproliferation and cell migration[497–499]