Log₁₀ graph showing biofilm eradication kinetics and Log₁₀ biofilm viable counts (Log₁₀ CFU/peg) of E. coli (NCTC 8196) (positive control: open circles, full line) over a period of 24 hours of exposure to MBEC value (mg L⁻¹) of active standard antimicrobials (gentamicin 15.63 mg L⁻¹: open square, dotted line; trimethoprim 62.5 mg L⁻¹: open triangle, dotted line; ciprofloxacin 7.81 mg L⁻¹: full circle, full line) based on five replicates. Vancomycin and rifampicin had MBEC values greater than 1000 mg L⁻¹ against of E. coli (NCTC 8196) and therefore were not tested for biofilm eradication kinetics.