International Journal of Family Medicine

Research Article

Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder among Primary School Children in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt

Table 4

Risk factors for ADHD.


Variable	ADHD . 94		Control . 1268			value	Crude OR (95% confidence interval)
Variable	No	%	No	%		value	Crude OR (95% confidence interval)

(Mean ± SD)	8.25 ± 1.62		8.57 ± 1.78		-test 1.73	0.07
Neonatal problems
Yes	45	47.9	162	12.8	83.6	<0.05	6.2 (4.0–9.7)
No	49	52.1	1106	87.2	83.6	<0.05	6.2 (4.0–9.7)
FH of psychiatric illness
Yes	62	66	390	30.8	48.9	<0.05	4.4 (2.8–6.8)
No	32	34	878	69.2	48.9	<0.05	4.4 (2.8–6.8)
Sex
Male	73	77.7	594	46.8	33.2	<0.05	3.94 (2.4–6.49)
Female	21	22.3	674	53.2	33.2	<0.05	3.94 (2.4–6.49)
FH of medical illness
Yes	59	62.8	397	31.3	47.9	<0.05	3.69 (2.4–5.7)
No	35	37.2	871	68.7	47.9	<0.05	3.69 (2.4–5.7)
Family size
>4	68	72.3	727	57.3	6.3	<0.05	1.95 (1.2–3.1)
<4	26	27.7	541	42.7	6.3	<0.05	1.95 (1.2–3.1)
Consanguinity
Yes	56	59.6	572	45.1	7.36	<0.05	1.8 (1.8–2.7)
No	38	40.4	696	54.9	7.36	<0.05	1.8 (1.8–2.7)
Antenatal illness & drugs
Yes	62	66	669	52.8	6.1	<0.05	1.73 (1.1–2.7)
No	32	34	599	47.2	6.1	<0.05	1.73 (1.1–2.7)
Paternal smoke tobacco
Yes	59	62.8	643	50.7	4.9	<0.05	1.63 (1.1–2.5)
No	35	37.2	625	49.3	4.9	<0.05	1.63 (1.1–2.5)
Family structure
Disrupted	35	37.2	340	26.8	4.76	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Preserved	59	62.8	928	73.2	4.76	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Delivery type
Caesarian	55	58.5	592	46.7	4.91	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Normal	39	41.5	676	53.3	4.91	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Paternal education
Illiterate & primary	49	52.1	510	40.2	5.13	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Secondary & high	45	47.9	758	59.8	5.13	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Paternal work
Employed	52	55.3	562	44.3	4.27	<0.05	1.6 (1.02–2.4)
Unemployed	42	44.7	706	55.7	4.27	<0.05	1.6 (1.02–2.4)
Paternal education
Illiterate & primary	52	55.3	544	42.9	5.48	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Secondary & high	42	44.7	724	57.1	5.48	<0.05	1.6 (1.1–2.5)
Maternal smoking tobacco
Yes	14	14.9	168	13.2	0.2	0.6	1.14 (0.6–1.9)
No	80	85.1	1100	86.8	0.2	0.6	1.14 (0.6–1.9)
Maternal occupation
Employed	38	40.4	654	51.6	4.35	0.04	0.6371 (0.4–0.97)
Unemployed	56	59.6	614	48.4	4.35	0.04	0.6371 (0.4–0.97)