International Scholarly Research Notices

Review Article

Oral Cavity as an Extragastric Reservoir of Helicobacter pylori

Table 2

Summary of studies in which the presence of H. pylori in dental plaque was determined by PCR.
No.AuthorsYearTarget geneSample sizePrevalence of H. pylori
1Momtaz et al. [52]2012ureC, cagA, and vacA300 patients with gastroduodenal diseasesNone of the plaque samples showed presence of H. pylori
2Agarwal and Jithendra [31]201216S rRNA30 H. pylori positive and 20 H. pylori negative patientsOverall-42%; in H. pylori positive group-60%; in H. pylori negative group-15%.
3Bago et al. [41]201116S rDNA56 patients with chronic periodontitis and gastric H. pylori positive37.5%
4Chaudhry et al. [53]201116srRNA and 860 bp DNA region89 dyspeptic patients reporting for endoscopy51.6% for both genes; 62.9% for 16srRNA; 61% for 860 bp DNA region and 73% if either of the 2 regions are considered
5Gao et al. [44]2011ureC and cagA genes96 patients with H. pylori infection82.3%
6Wichelhaus et al. [54]2011860bp DNA11 orthodontic patients36%
7 Assumpção et al. [48]2010vacA and cagA99 adult patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy72% samples were positive for H. pylori. 63 of 71 positive dental plaque samples were positive for vacA and cagA. 58/71 were positive for cagA while vacA genotypes had a prevalence ranging from 13–59%
8Rasmussen et al. [55]2010Genomic DNA78 dyspeptic patients47.4%
9Eskandari et al. [56]201016S rRNA67 patients with chronic periodontitis-23 with H. pylori positive gastritis5.97%
10 Silva et al. [57]2010vacA and 16S rDNA30 dyspeptic patients20% by 16S rDNA and 6.7% by vacA
11Silva et al. [58]201016S rRNA115 patients11.3%
12Silva et al. [59]200916s ribosomal and cagA genes32 with H. pylori positive with gastric disease and 32 with H. pylori positive with no gastric disease Overall-17.7%. Among cases, H. pylori DNA detected in 36.6% and cagA gene detected in 3 out of 11 (27.3%) samples. In control group 0%
13 Gonçalves
et al. [60]		2009JW22 and JW23 primers/16S rRNA23, HIV seropositive individuals of whom 13 with chronic periodontitis and 10 with periodontally healthy and 31 HIV seronegative individuals of whom 17 had chronic periodontitis and 14 were periodontally healthyNot specified
14Liu et al. [61]2009860 bp fragment443 dyspeptic patients59.4%
15 Bürgers et al. [36]200816S rDNA94 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy5.4%
16Liu et al. [62]2008860 bp fragment214 children58.9%
17Teoman et al. [25]2007Urease A67 dyspeptic patients28.3%
18Olivier et al. [63]2006urease AB gene; phosphoglucosamine
mutase (glmM) gene; and 860 bp DNA region		74 healthy members of a rural community0
19Kignel et al. [64]200516S rRNA49 dyspeptic patients2%
20Fritscher et al. [65]2004860 bp fragment53 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 52 patients without RASOverall-3.8%; 5.7% in cases and 1.9% among controls
21Gebara et al. [66]200416S rDNA30 dentate patients with gingivitis/periodontitis and H. pylori infection20% in supra-gingival plaque and 26.6% in subgingival plaque
22Umeda et al. [37]200316S rRNA56 dental patients25%
23Goosen et al. [67]2002   
24Berroteran et al. [39]2002Urease genes32 dyspeptic patients and 20 asymptomatic controlsOverall-28.9%; 37.5% among dyspeptic patients and 15% among controls
25Suk et al. [45] 2002cagASixty-five patients with dyspeptic symptoms 43.1%
26Miyabayashi et al. [43]2000ureA47 patients with chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer38.3%
27Song et al. [68]2000860 bp fragmentForty-two patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopyOverall 97% (82% in molar region, 64% in premolar region and 59% in incisor region)
28Song et al. [69]2000860 bp fragment20 dyspeptic patientsNot specified
29Song et al. [70]2000860 bp fragment21 patients100%
30Song et al. [71]1999Urease A, 16S rRNA, and 860 bp fragment40 dental patients 
31Dowsett et al. [18]1999  Not specified
32Oshowo et al. [32]199816S rRNA208 dyspeptic patients-116 H. pylori positive and 92 H. pylori negativeOverall 6.25% all in H. pylori positive
33Hardo et al. [24]199516S rRNA62 dyspeptic patients1.6%
34Mapstone et al. [72]199316S rRNA21 dyspeptic patients-13 with H. pylori associated gastritis and 8 who had normal histologyOverall-9.5%; 15.4% in gastritis group and 0 in histologically normal group-overall prevalence-9.5%
35Nguyen et al. [73]199316S rRNA25 dyspeptic patientsOverall 28% all in H. pylori positive; among H. pylori positive individuals 38.8%.