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Research Article

Proximate, Antinutrients and Mineral Composition of Raw and Processed (Boiled and Roasted) Sphenostylis stenocarpa Seeds from Southern Kaduna, Northwest Nigeria

Table 3

Mineral composition of processed and unprocessed African Yam ean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) in mg/100 g dry mass of the ground seeds.


Mineral	Boiled	Roasted	Raw	% change due to boiling	% change due to roasting	^#Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) in mg/day

Ca				↓9.63	↑0.41	210–800, 800, 1200**
K				↓8.54	↑31.20	400–3000, 4700^{, **}
Cu				↑5.74	↑11.48	0.2–0.44, 0.7–0.89, 0.9**
Fe				↓0.76	↑0.53	0.27–11, 8–15, 10**
Mn				↓8.06	↑66.87	0.003–1.5, 1.6–2.2, 1.8–2.3**
Zn				↓38.02	↓38.35	2–5, 11, 15**
Mg				↑8.88	↑1.13	30–130, 240–360, 320–340**
P				↑18.56	↑44.39	100–500, 1250, 700**
Na				↑12.31	↑10.51	120, 1500^{, **}

Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Different superscripts across the row are significantly different from each other at .
↑: signifying increase; ↓: signifying decrease.
^#Culled from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and may be assessed via http://www.nap.edu/.
*Infants; **children; ***adults.