Research Article
Impact of Formal Financial Market Participation on Farm Size and Expenditure on Variable Farm Inputs: The Case of Maize Farmers in Ghana
Table 3
Estimated impact of formal financial market participation on farm size and expenditure on variable inputs per hectare.
| (a) Nearest neighbour matching (NNM) |
| | Outcomes | Average treatment
effect (ATE) | Average treatment
effect on untreated
(ATU) | Average treatment
effect on the treated (ATT) |
| | Farm size | 5.993 | 5.882 | 0.111 (0.21) | | Expenditure on variable inputs | 190.826 | 105.642 | 85.184*** (4.93) | | No. of observations | 218 | 180 | |
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| (b) Radius matching (RM) with a calliper of 0.01 |
| | Outcomes | Average treatment
effect (ATE) | Average treatment
effect on untreated (ATU) | Average treatment
effect on the treated (ATT) |
| | Farm size | 6.0584 | 5.143 | 0.985 (0.66) | | Expenditure on variable inputs | 192.519 | 113.095 | 79.423*** (3.17) | | No. of observations | 190 | 174 | |
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|
| (c) Kernel-based matching (KBM) using smoothening parameter of 0.06 |
| | Outcomes | Average treatment
effect (ATE) | Average treatment
effect on untreated (ATU) | Average treatment
effect on the treated (ATT) |
| | Farm size | 6.127 | 5.721 | 0.406 (0.65) | | Expenditure on variable inputs | 192.083 | 109.502 | 82.581*** (3.02) | | No. Of observations | 227 | 190 | |
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-statistics are in parenthesis.
Source: own calculations.
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