Review Article

Bacteriophages and Their Derivatives as Biotherapeutic Agents in Disease Prevention and Treatment

Table 2

Use of bacteriophages to control pathogenic bacteria in animal models of human infection.

Infection hosts BacteriaPhageMain outcomeReference

MiceE. coli Anti-K1 Better mice survival rates with phageSmith and Huggins, 1982 [119]
BALB/c miceKlebsiella Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophageRescue of generalized Klebsiella infectionBogovazova et al., 1991 [120]
Guinea pigsP. aeruginosa BS24Skin graft protection from bacteria by phageSoothill, 1994 [75]
MiceE. coli, S. typhimurium λ and P22Identification, isolation, and subsequent use of long circulating phageMerril et al., 1996 [65]
Chickens and calvesE. coli H247 (O18 : K1 : H7) ΦRProtection against morbidity and mortalityBarrow et al., 1998 [121]
HamstersC. difficile CD1405/6 hamster survived in the phage-treated group compared with none in the control Rdamesh, 1999 [122]
BALB/c miceHelicobacter pylori M13 Reduction of stomach colonization by Helicobacter Cao et al., 2000 [123]
MiceE. faecium ENB6100% survival 45 min after phage administrationBiswas et al., 2002 [50]
MiceV. vulnificus CK-2, 153A-5, and 153A-7Different results of mice protection depending on the phage used. CK-2 and 153A-5 protected mice, whereas 153A-7 did notCerveny et al., 2002 [124]
MiceE. coli LW and LHMortality rates in mice varied depending on the phage usedBull et al., 2002 [125]
MiceS. aureus MR11Better mouse survival rates with phage administration (MOI40.1) straight after bacterial administrationMatsuzaki et al., 2003 [126]
Chicken skinSalmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni P125589 and P22Reduction by 2 log units in bacterial abundance over 48 hoursGoode et al., 2003 [127]
BALB/c micePseudomonas aeruginosa Phage Pf3R Higher survival rate and reduced inflammatory response after 12–24 hoursHagens et al., 2004 [128]
RabbitsS. aureus LS2aReduction in abscess size in phage-treated animals and no difference when phage administration was delayedWills et al., 2005 [81]
MiceE. coli
O157 : H7
SP15, SP21, and SP22Successive daily phage administration was required to reduce cell numbers from the gastrointestinal tractTanji et al., 2005 [129]
Chicken Salmonella enteritidis CNPSA 1, CNPSA 3, and CNPSA 4Reduction of Salmonella enteritidis counts in treated chicken cutsFiorentin et al., 2005 [130]
ChickenSalmonella
typhimurium
Salmonella-specific phagesReduction in Salmonella counts in cecum and ileum treated chickensToro et al., 2005 [131]
MiceP. aeruginosa A392100% survival rate 60 min after phage administration. Reduced survival rates when phages were administrated at 180 and 360 minWang et al., 2006b [57]
MiceE. coli 9882100% survival at 24–168 h after phage administration (40 min after bacterial administration)Wang et al., 2006a [56]
Shrimp Vibrio harveyi SiphoviridaeImproved larval survivalVinod et al., 2006 [132]
MiceP. aeruginosa Pa1, Pa2, and Pa1187% protection against bacterial infection in mouse burn model compared with 6% in the untreated group after intraperitoneal injectionMcVay et al., 2007 [133]
MiceP. aeruginosa KPP10Survival rates of 66.7% for the phage-treated group versus 0% for the saline-treated control groupWatanabe et al., 2007 [134]
MiceE. coli T4 and KEP10100% survival rate with T4. 90% survival rate with KEP10Nishikawa et al., 2008 [78]
MiceE. faecalis EF24C100% survival rate with a phage MOI of 0.1Uchiyama et al., 2008 [51]
MiceP. aeruginosa CSV-31100% protection observed when phage was administrated 45 min after bacterial challengeVinodkumar et al., 2008 [58]
MiceK. pneumonia SSImmediate administration of phage resulted in 100% protection; this decreased after 3 h and no protection at 6 h was observed after bacterial challengeChhibber et al., 2008 [80]
MiceK. pneumoniae Kpn5Phage was able to rescue mice from infection caused by K. pneumoniae Kumari et al., 2010 [135]
MiceP. aeruginosa PA1No viable bacteria were found in organ samples after 48 h of the phage treatment Tiwari et al., 2011 [136]
MiceP. aeruginosa NH-4 and MR299-2Killing the pathogen in the lungs of infected mice after phage mixture administrationAlemayehu et al., 2012 [137]
MiceE. coli EC200(PP)100% survival mice 1 and 7 h after phage administration Pouillot et al., 2012 [138]