International Scholarly Research Notices

Review Article

Does Task-Oriented Practice Improve Upper Extremity Motor Recovery after Stroke? A Systematic Review

Table 3

Results for primary outcome measure.


First author, year	Primary outcome	Timing of measurement	Statistic		Results: experimental (E) and control (C)		P

Blennerhassett, 2004 [37]				E: 5 hours/wk	C: no addl. deliberate u/e practice

	MAS upper limb/extremity	Baseline	Median ()	5 (2–5)	5 (1–6)		NR
	MAS upper limb/extremity	4 weeks after rand (end of intervention)	Median ()	6 (5–6)	6 (4–6)		NR

Donaldson, 2009 [38]				E: 4 hours/wk task	C1: 4 hours/wk exercise	C2: no addl. u/e practice

	ARAT^∧	Baseline	Median	27.0 (11.0)	34.5 (26.0)	28.0 (17.0)
	ARAT^∧	6 weeks after rand (end of intervention)	Median ( change)	19.50 (22.00)	8.00 (13.25)	11.50 (21.00)	0.232

Han, 2013 [39]				E: 15 hrs/week	C1: 10 hours/week	C2: 5 hours/week

	ARAT	Baseline	Mean (SD)	1.10 (1.52)	1.50 (1.58)	0.80 (1.14)	0.386
	ARAT	6 weeks after rand (end of intervention)	Mean (SD)	10.90 (3.60)	8.70 (4.62)	5.30 (3.40)	0.008

Harris, 2009 [40]				E: 3.75 hours/week	C: 0.75 hours/week

	ARAT	Baseline	Mean	31.1	31.0
	ARAT	4 weeks after rand (end of intervention)	Mean (SD)	42.8 (9.20)	38.0 (9.47)		0.025

Kwakkel, 1999 [41]				E: 2.5 hours/week	C1: no addl. U/E	C2: no addl. u/e extremity	—

	ARAT	Baseline	Median ()	0 (0-1)	0 (0–6)	0 (0-0)	—
	ARAT	20 weeks after rand (end of intervention)	Median ()	9 (0–39)	2 (0–56)	0 (0–2)	0.01

Winstein, 2004 [42]				E: 5 hours/week task	C1: 5 hours/week exercise	C2: no addl. u/e practice

	FTHUE	Baseline	Mean (SD)	4.30 (5.35)	5.15 (5.97)	5.40 (4.30)	0.83
	FTHUE	4 weeks after rand (end of intervention)	Mean (SD)	4.70 (4.27)	4.25 (4.33)	3.35 (3.63)	0.61

Note that Ns provided in this section may differ from Table 1 as these are the numbers used for analysis; ^∧ARAT: higher score = better outcome; : sample size. MAS upper limb/extremity: motor assessment scale, upper limb/extremity section (score range of 0–18, high score indicating normal ability). : 1st quartile; : 3rd quartile; NR: not reported; ARAT: action research arm test (score range of 0–57, high score indicating normal ability); addl.: additional; SD: standard deviation; FTHUE: functional test of the hemiparetic upper extremity (score range of 0–17, high score indicating normal ability).