Research Article

Response of Various Stakeholders towards Newly Introduced Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in a North Indian State

Table 2

Evaluation of the preparatory steps taken by the state health services for JE vaccine campaign in Ambala district, Haryana.

Areas Steps/questions Answers/action takenRemarks

Policy Disease burden and cost-effectiveness estimationsAnnual report Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India Done
Financial sustainability planning for future yearsTargeting introduction into national immunization scheduleYes
Advocacy and social mobilizationParticipation and training of district level immunization officer (interview with DIO)Done
Training and material developmentHoardings, pamphlets, banners usedDone
Cold chain capacity assessmentILRs and vaccine carries usedDone

Planning and operationsIs the implementation in progress according to the initial plan (countrywide/phased introduction, key dates)?Phased introduction in Haryana, and dates (15/7/08 to 31/7/08) were ensured after vaccine stocks (as interview with DIO)Done
Is there a transition plan, if the country has or is planning to switch from one vaccine presentation to another?Shifted from mouse brain vaccine to live attenuated vaccine No
Are specific adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) for new vaccine recognized and reported in timely fashion?Cases of AEFI following vaccine administration were discussed and managed Done
Is surveillance for the new vaccine-related disease or condition in place?Integrated Diseases Surveillance Program is in operation Done

Vaccine managementHave vaccine stockouts been experienced since introduction?Vaccine supply was ensured before implementation (declaration of dates)Done
Is there a plan to assess the impact of new vaccine implementation? Reduction in JE cases in the region is being documented Done
What is the overall perception of introduction as judged by decision-makers and NIP team?DIO, MOs, and health workers reported it to be useful for disease prevention Done

Health worker practiceAre correct practices observed during handling, reconstitution, and administering of vaccines?Observed by the supervisors (medical officers) Done

Immunization safetyAre autodisable syringes and safety boxes used and appropriately disposed of?UsedDone

Vaccine wastageIs vaccine wastage recorded and monitored at the health facility level?Recorded by health workers and monitored by medical officers Done

Health worker knowledgeDo the health workers need additional training and supportive supervision on new vaccine?DIO, MOs, and health workers were trained Done

Community acceptanceIs the new vaccine well received by the community and the health workers?Coverage was found to be 93.5%Done
Can families name the new vaccine and the disease it prevents?48.7% of parents were able to tell about JE Satisfactory