Research Article
Heavy Metal Levels in Adolescent and Maternal Blood: Association with Risk of Hypospadias
Table 3
Comparison of heavy metal levels (ppm/mL) in blood of hypospadias and control boys.
| | Heavy metals | Cases () | Controls () | value | | Mean ± SD | 25% | 50% | 75% | Mean ± SD | 25% | 50% | 75% |
| | Cadmium | | 0.39 | 0.84 | 1.60 | | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.64 | 0.01* | | Chromium | | 0.09 | 0.33 | 1.06 | | 0.31 | 0.65 | 0.99 | 0.75 | | Arsenic | | 0.86 | 1.459 | 2.78 | | 0.65 | 1.01 | 2.24 | 0.49 | | Lead | | 0.69 | 1.17 | 5.30 | | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.01* |
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Significant at the level.
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