Journal of Ecosystems

Research Article

Surface Water Quality Assessment of Wular Lake, A Ramsar Site in Kashmir Himalaya, Using Discriminant Analysis and WQI

Table 5

Drinking water standards, unit weights, average water quality, and water quality index of five study stations in Lake Wular.


Chemical parameters	Standards	Recommending agency	Unit weight (wi)	Makhdoomyari		Vintage		Ashtang		Watlab		Ningle
Chemical parameters	Standards	Recommending agency	Unit weight (wi)	Av Wq		Av Wq		Av Wq		Av Wq		Av Wq

pH	7.0–8.5	ICMR	0.037	7.84	4.19	7.76	3.80	7.80	3.97	7.75	3.73	7.77	3.87
Electrical conductivity	750 µS/cm	WHO	0.000	252.9	0.01	254.2	0.01	255.4	0.01	282.3	0.01	248.5	0.01
Chloride	250 mg/L	ISI	0.001	12.35	0.01	13.34	0.01	14.33	0.01	14.11	0.01	12.85	0.01
Dissolved oxygen	5.0 mg/L	WHO	0.052	9.03	3.04	8.93	3.10	8.93	3.10	8.94	3.09	9.12	2.99
Free CO₂	22 mg/L	WHO	0.012	9.89	0.54	10.02	0.54	10.00	0.54	10.04	0.54	10.43	0.57
Total alkalinity	120 mg/L	USPHS	0.002	112.7	0.21	107.0	0.19	99.54	0.18	114.5	0.21	102.0	0.19
Total hardness	500 mg/L	WHO	0.001	145.5	0.02	143.9	0.02	142.2	0.01	161.7	0.02	128.2	0.01
Nitrate-N	45 mg/L	WHO	0.006	0.47	0.01	0.48	0.01	0.48	0.01	0.46	0.01	0.42	0.01
Calcium	75 mg/L	ICMR	0.003	21.16	0.10	20.88	0.10	20.61	0.10	26.05	0.12	19.85	0.09
Magnesium	50 mg/L	ICMR	0.009	13.50	0.39	13.66	0.24	13.23	0.23	14.09	0.25	11.47	0.20
Sulfate	200 mg/L	ICMR	0.001	6.10	0.00	5.50	0.00	5.03	0.00	4.77	0.00	3.90	0.00
Iron	0.3 mg/L	ISI	0.874	0.14	40.7	0.13	38.5	0.13	39.1	0.11	32.6	0.10	29.1
Total dissolved solids	500 mg/L	WHO	0.001	154.1	0.02	146.9	0.02	133.3	0.01	106.8	0.01	77.08	0.01

			1.00		49.2		46.5		47.3		40.6		37.1