Research Article

Both Maternal and Pup Genotype Influence Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Early Developmental Milestones in Tsc2+/− Mice

Figure 2

WT pups born to WT or Tsc2 heterozygous mothers display developmental delay dependent on maternal genotype. (a) WT pups from heterozygous mothers weigh less than WT pups from WT mothers at pnds 4–8. (b) WT pups from WT and heterozygous mothers show no differences in righting reflex. (c). WT pups from heterozygous mothers delayed on negative geotaxis at pnd 9. (d) WT pups from heterozygous mothers impaired on level screen test at pnds 7, 11, and 12. (e) WT pups from heterozygous mothers show impaired forelimb grasp on pnds 4 and 11. (f) WT pups born to WT or Tsc2 heterozygous mothers display no differences on cliff aversion. (g) WT pups from heterozygous mothers show significant impairment on bar hang at pnds 6, 7, 9, and 11. (h) WT pups from heterozygous mothers have decreased auditory startle response at pnds 12 and 14. ; .
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