Scanning electron microscopy of S. aureus biofilms (scale bar, 1 μm)—(a) control; (b) 10% Manuka honey; (c) 50% artificial honey (representative images). The control biofilm appeared as numerous cells, all round spheres; those dividing retained their spherical shape. When treated with Manuka honey, the cell surfaces appeared rough and the cells were no longer spherical. The number of cells on the disc was dramatically decreased. The artificial honey appeared to have little effect on the cells; they appeared similar to the control cells in appearance and density.