Salmonella are able to elicit host inflammation to ultimately inverse the intestinal bacterial population pyramid and become the dominant species. The intestinal microbiota exists in a delicate balance within the healthy host. An invading enteropathogen, such as S. Typhimurium, disturbs this balance by its interactions with the host and resident microbiota. S. Typhimurium type 3 secretion effector proteins trigger the release of cytokines and inflammation. This leads to a growth burst of S. Typhimurium, at the expense of the resident microbiota resulting in inversion of the bacterial population pyramid and dysbiosis.