Preparation of Mesoporous SiO<sub><b>2</b></sub>-Pillared Lamellar Titanoniobate Catalysts for Bioethanol Dehydration

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Interlayer species</td><td align="center">Basal spacing (<svg height="16.4625" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4 16.4625" width="12.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,16.4)"><path d="M358 762q-41 0 -69.5 29t-28.5 71q0 41 29.5 70t71.5 29q41 0 69 -30q29 -29 29 -70t-29.5 -70t-71.5 -29zM425 862q0 27 -19.5 46t-47.5 19q-26 0 -45 -19.5t-19 -45.5q0 -28 19 -47t45 -19q28 0 47.5 19t19.5 47zM707 19v-19h-255v19q40 0 55 9q14 8 14 24q0 28 -19 70
l-41 94h-262l-46 -114q-9 -22 -9 -42q0 -23 16 -32t54 -9v-19h-199v19q41 4 61 30q17 23 65 137l206 488h20l246 -563q22 -52 39 -70q18 -17 55 -22zM216 257h231l-116 275z" id="xC5"></path></g>
</svg>)</td><td align="center">Interlayer spacing (<svg height="20.674999" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4 20.674999" width="12.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.538,11.712)"><path d="M-116 651l-169 -129l-22 20l123 143h2q10 0 34.5 -9t30.5 -15z" id="x301"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,20.612)"><path d="M358 762q-41 0 -69.5 29t-28.5 71q0 41 29.5 70t71.5 29q41 0 69 -30q29 -29 29 -70t-29.5 -70t-71.5 -29zM425 862q0 27 -19.5 46t-47.5 19q-26 0 -45 -19.5t-19 -45.5q0 -28 19 -47t45 -19q28 0 47.5 19t19.5 47zM707 19v-19h-255v19q40 0 55 9q14 8 14 24q0 28 -19 70
l-41 94h-262l-46 -114q-9 -22 -9 -42q0 -23 16 -32t54 -9v-19h-199v19q41 4 61 30q17 23 65 137l206 488h20l246 -563q22 -52 39 -70q18 -17 55 -22zM216 257h231l-116 275z" id="xC5"></path></g>
</svg>)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">K<sup>+</sup></td><td align="center">9.26</td><td align="center">3.16</td></tr><tr><td align="left">H<sup>+</sup></td><td align="center">8.39</td><td align="center">2.29</td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 63.599998px;"><svg height="18.3375" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.39064pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.599998 18.3375" width="63.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,14.05)"><path d="M372 352v-2q176 -27 176 -159q0 -99 -95 -151q-73 -40 -196 -40h-221v28q65 5 78.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 63 -12 77t-72 18v28h257q102 0 150 -34q26 -18 41 -48.5t15 -65.5q0 -111 -135 -150zM213 362h47q80 0 117.5 32t37.5 96q0 56 -33 92t-100 36q-41 0 -56 -10
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q44 2 90 8q37 4 67 10v-334q0 -37 8.5 -47t38.5 -12z" id="x75"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,18.761,14.05)"><path d="M298 36l-68 -35q-25 -13 -42 -13q-98 0 -98 119v290h-69l-4 11l28 29h45v72l65 67l14 -2v-137h113q8 -8 6 -21t-12 -19h-107v-256q0 -96 59 -96q29 0 61 17z" id="x74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.946,14.05)"><path d="M719 650v-28q-43 -2 -62 -15t-22 -44q-6 -47 -6 -169v-403h-31l-426 524h-2v-251q0 -111 6 -169q4 -37 24 -50.5t72 -16.5v-28h-237v28q45 2 64.5 16t23.5 49q6 62 6 171v220q0 54 -3 68.5t-17 32.5q-16 19 -34.5 26.5t-54.5 10.5v28h147l418 -502h3v246q0 117 -7 166
q-4 34 -24.5 47t-73.5 15v28h236z" id="x4E"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.576,14.05)"><path d="M729 650v-28q-62 -5 -76 -19.5t-14 -75.5v-404q0 -62 13.5 -76t75.5 -19v-28h-268v28q65 5 79.5 19t14.5 76v199h-341v-199q0 -62 14 -76t76 -19v-28h-263v28q61 5 74.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 62 -14 76t-76 19v28h259v-28q-58 -5 -71 -19t-13 -76v-162h341v162
q0 61 -13.5 75.5t-72.5 19.5v28h261z" id="x48"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,49.6,18.137)"><path d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,55.925,5.887)"><path d="M535 230h-212v-233h-58v233h-213v50h213v210h58v-210h212v-50z" id="x2B"></path></g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">18.17</td><td align="center">12.07</td></tr><tr><td align="left">CTA<sup>+</sup></td><td align="center">30.65</td><td align="center">24.55</td></tr><tr><td align="left">H<sup>+</sup>/SiO<sub>2</sub></td><td align="center">30.87</td><td align="center">24.77</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Basal and interlayer spacing for titanoniobates with different interlayer species.

Journal of Catalysts

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Preparation of Mesoporous SiO<sub><b>2</b></sub>-Pillared Lamellar Titanoniobate Catalysts for Bioethanol Dehydration 

Journal of Catalysts

Preparation of Mesoporous SiO2-Pillared Lamellar Titanoniobate Catalysts for Bioethanol Dehydration

Table 2

Preparation of Mesoporous SiO₂-Pillared Lamellar Titanoniobate Catalysts for Bioethanol Dehydration