Sketch of different cell sheet-based approaches; (a) tissue-engineered vascular media (TEVM) and tissue-engineered vascular adventitia (TEVA) were assembled by rolling a single cell sheet of SMCs or fibroblasts; (b) the standard approach, to produce a TEVMA, required rolling a fibroblast sheet around a SMC sheet (stdTEVMA); (c) the single-step TEVMA was produced due to the presence of SMCs and fibroblasts in the same sheet (ssTEVMA), from [48]. The publisher for this copyrighted material is Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers.