Review Article
A Review on Protocatechuic Acid and Its Pharmacological Potential
Table 2
Evaluation of activities of protocatechuic acid in preventing different chemical carcinogenesis in rodents [
30].
| | Species/strain/gender of animals | Carcinogen/
promoter | PCA dose/route | Target tissue | Response |
| | F344 rats/males | 4-NQO | 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm/in diet | Oral cavity
(tongue)/SCC | Inhibition | | F344 rats/males | 4-NQO | 2000 ppm/in diet | Oral cavity
(tongue)/SCC | Inhibition | Syrian golden
hamsters/males | DMBA | 200 ppm/in diet | Buccal pouch/
SCC | Inhibition | | F344 rats/males | MNNG |
1500 ppm/in diet | Fore stomach/SCC | No effects | | F344 rats/males | AOM | 1000, 2000 ppm/in diet | Colon/ADC | Inhibition | | F344 rats/males | AOM | 250, 500, and 1000 ppm/in diet | Colon/ADC | Inhibition | Syrian golden
hamsters/males | BOP | 500, 1000 ppm/in diet | Pancreas/ADC | Inhibition | | F344 rats/males | DEN | 500, 1000 ppm/p.o. | Liver/AD | Inhibition | | A/J mice/females | NNK | 1000 ppm/in diet | Lung/AD | No effects | | F344 rats/males | BBN | 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm/in diet | Urinary
bladder/TCC | Inhibition | | CD-1 mice/females | B[a]P/TPA | 5, 10, 20 mM | Skin/PAP | Inhibition | | ICR mice/females | DMBA/TPA | 16, 160, and 1600 nM/topically to the skin 0; 40 min or 3 h before TPA | Skin/PAP | Inhibition (16 nM);
enhancement of skin papilloma by 1600 nM PCA | | F344 rats/males | PhIP | 2000 ppm/in diet | Breast/ADC | No effects |
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AD: adenoma; ADC: adenocarcinoma; AOM: azoxymethane; B[a]P: benzo[a]pyrene; BBN: N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine; BOP: N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine; DEN: N-diethylnitrosamine; DMBA: 7, 12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene; MMMG: N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; NNK: 4-(methyl-nitroso-amino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; 4-NQO: 4-nitroquinoline oxide; PAP: squamous cell papilloma; PhIP: 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo4,5-bpyridine; SCC: squamous cell cancer; TCC: transitional cell carcinoma; TPA: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate.
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