Singapore General Hospital Experience on Ethnicity and the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Elective Orthopaedic Surgeries
Table 4
Multivariate analysis of PONV variables.
OR
95% confidence interval
value
Patients characteristics
Age
1.000
0.987
1.013
0.999
Ethnicity
Chinese
As reference
0.849
Malay
1.066
0.622
1.827
0.816
Indian
1.180
0.660
2.108
0.577
Females
2.294
1.590
3.311
0.000
History of PONV
1.889
1.088
3.277
0.024
Smokers
1.097
0.641
1.878
0.735
ASA status
ASA 1
As reference
0.928
ASA 2
1.003
0.642
1.567
0.989
ASA 3
1.170
0.647
2.115
0.603
ASA 4
0.959
0.055
16.644
0.977
General anaesthesia
1.018
0.315
3.286
0.977
Received preoperative antiemetics
0.727
0.392
1.347
0.310
Received intraoperative antiemetics
1.465
1.014
2.118
0.042
Received opioids
0.922
0.521
1.630
0.779
Anaesthetic
Nitrous oxide use
2.112
1.419
3.145
0.000
Use of volatile agents
0.661
0.213
2.046
0.472
Surgical
Duration of surgery
≤3 h
As reference
0.742
>3 to ≤4 h
0.904
0.585
1.397
0.650
>4 to ≤5 h
1.250
0.657
2.376
0.496
>5 h
0.363
0.021
6.411
0.489
The Chinese compared to the Non-Chinese
Chinese
1.117
0.735
1.697
0.604
History of PONV subanalysed amongst patients who had previous operations. Anaesthetic variables subanalysed amongst patients who underwent General Anaesthesia. The data is the odds ratio of the Chinese compared to the Non-Chinese in incidence of PONV.
