Paleocurrents, Paleohydraulics, and Palaegeography of Miocene-Pliocene Siwalik Foreland Basin of India

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Sampling level</td><td align="center">Number of observations (<svg height="6.42315pt" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.2129903pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -6.21016 6.92631 6.42315" width="6.92631pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z" id="g113-111"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="502" vert-adv-y="502"></glyph.data></g></svg>)</td><td align="center">Mean direction (<svg height="9.04777pt" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.04981995pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.99795 10.3533 9.04777" width="10.3533pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M488 658H270V630C328 626 335 619 335 579C217 574 44 509 44 330C44 147 221 88 335 86C335 38 328 32 265 28V0H488V28C425 32 418 38 418 86C534 88 710 153 710 337C710 517 538 575 418 579C418 619 425 626 488 630V658ZM335 118C249 124 136 180 136 337C136 490 251 543 335 547V118ZM418 547C502 543 618 491 618 333S503 124 418 118V547Z" id="g113-150"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="754" vert-adv-y="754"></glyph.data></g></svg>)</td><td align="center">Standardized resultant length (<svg height="10.7394pt" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.2130003pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.5264 14.9406 10.7394" width="14.9406pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M610 18C585 26 567 34 540 68C517 97 499 128 476 171C452 215 425 276 413 304C496 332 570 394 570 494C570 555 545 595 509 619S419 650 364 650H139L133 622C216 615 219 612 203 527L129 132C112 40 105 36 23 28L17 0H279L285 28C199 34 194 40 211 132L239 284H284C320 284 334 275 351 236C374 182 394 140 420 93C459 23 495 -1 592 -8H600L610 18ZM480 485C480 424 449 372 403 342C374 323 338 316 293 316H245L291 562C296 589 301 601 311 608S337 618 358 618C432 618 480 575 480 485Z" id="g113-83"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="627" vert-adv-y="627"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0095,0,0,-0.0095,8.495,-5.984)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z" id="g50-43"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="611" vert-adv-y="611"></glyph.data></g></svg>) </td><td align="center">Concentration parameter (<svg height="9.89089pt" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0.2129898pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 6.9399 9.89089" width="6.9399pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z" id="g113-108"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="503" vert-adv-y="503"></glyph.data></g></svg>)</td><td align="center">Circular deviation (Sd) </td><td align="center">Standard error (Se)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="center" colspan="6">Sector level</td></tr><tr><td align="left">I</td><td align="center">33</td><td align="center">225° </td><td align="center">0.6003</td><td align="center">1.515</td><td align="center">51.52°</td><td align="center">±27.44°</td></tr><tr><td align="left">II</td><td align="center">63</td><td align="center">215°</td><td align="center">0.8153</td><td align="center">3.000</td><td align="center">34.68°</td><td align="center">±34.68°</td></tr><tr><td align="left">III</td><td align="center">34</td><td align="center">193°</td><td align="center">0.7883</td><td align="center">2.646</td><td align="center">38.13°</td><td align="center">±38.15°</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="center" colspan="6">Formation</td></tr><tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="center">130</td><td align="center">206°</td><td align="center">0.7337 </td><td align="center">2.546</td><td align="center">42.27°</td><td align="center">±15.57°</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="7"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Circular orientation statistics for cross bedding foreset dip azimuth at sector and formation level of Middle Siwalik Subgroup.

Advances in Geology

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: Paleocurrents, Paleohydraulics, and Palaegeography of Miocene-Pliocene Siwalik Foreland Basin of India 