Nexus between Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining and Livelihood in Prestea Mining Region, Ghana
Table 3
Results of bivariate analysis of ASM’s employment issues and place of residence of respondents.
Variable
Category
Place of residence of respondents
value
Bondaye
Himan
Prestea
Total
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Has ASM created employment opportunities?
Strongly agree
13 (54.2%)
18 (69.2%)
16 (55.2%)
47 (59.5%)
0.068
Agree
9 (37.5%)
4 (15.4%)
13 (44.8%)
26 (32.9%)
Disagree
2 (8.3%)
4 (15.4%)
0 (0%)
6 (7.6%)
Total
24 (100%)
26 (100%)
29 (100%)
79 (100%)
What category of people are involved in ASM activities?
Men
3 (13.6%)
2 (9.1%)
7 (24.1%)
12 (16.4%)
0.325
Women
0 (0%)
1 (4.5%)
0 (0%)
1 (1.4%)
Children
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
Men and women
13 (59.1%)
12 (54.5%)
9 (31.1%)
34 (46.6%)
Women and children
3 (13.6%)
2 (9.1%)
3 (10.3%)
8 (11.0%)
Men, women, and children
3 (13.6%)
5 (22.7%)
10 (34.5%)
18 (24.6%)
Total
22 (100%)
22 (100%)
29 (100%)
73 (100%)1
What type of job opportunities has ASM created?
Mining activities (gold extracting and processing)
11 (50.0%)
6 (27.3%)
16 (55.2%)
33 (45.2%)
0.046
Food and water vending
2 (9.1%)
8 (36.4%)
4 (13.8%)
14 (19.2%)
Gold dealing and drivers
2 (9.1%)
6 (27.3%)
6 (20.7%)
14 (19.2%)
Head porters
5 (22.7%)
2 (9.1%)
3 (10.3%)
10 (13.7%)
Others
2 (9.1%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
2 (2.7%)
Total
22 (100%)
22 (100%)
29 (100%)
73 (100%)
Do people benefit from the ASM employment opportunities?
Yes
20 (90.9%)
20 (90.9%)
24 (82.8%)
64 (87.7)
0.584
No
2 (9.1%)
2 (9.1%)
5 (17.2%)
9 (12.3%)
Total
22 (100%)
22 (100%)
29 (100%)
73 (100%)
If yes, how?
Reducing economic hardships
6 (27.3%)
6 (27.3%)
12 (41.4%)
24 (32.9%)
0.005
Reducing poverty
1 (4.5%)
10 (45.5%)
10 (34.5%)
21 (28.8%)
Income generation
15 (68.2%)
5 (22.7%)
7 (24.1%)
27 (37.0%)
Other
0 (0%)
1 (4.5%)
0 (0%)
1 (1.3%)
Total
22 (100%)
22 (100%)
29 (100%)
73 (100%)
Contribution of ASM to livelihood enhancement
Income generations and increased well-being
16 (72.7%)
9 (40.9%)
12 (41.4%)
37 (50.7%)
0.171
Reduced vulnerability
3 (13.6%)
8 (36.4%)
11 (37.9%)
22 (30.1%)
Empowerment
3 (13.6%)
5 (22.7%)
6 (20.7%)
14 (19.2%)
Total
22 (100%)
22 (100%)
29 (100%)
73 (100%)
73 apply to those who only agreed ASM generated employment opportunities out of the total 79. The item validity for the variables answered by 73 study respondents is 92.4% (73). The Chi-square statistic is significant at the 0.05 level.
