Effect of Pore-Scale Heterogeneity and Capillary-Viscous Fingering on Commingled Waterflood Oil Recovery in Stratified Porous Media

<table class="table-group" id="tab6"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Core permeability (mD)</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 13.8344ptpx;"><svg height="11.9316pt" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.8344 11.9316" width="13.8344pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M449 634C442 637 425 643 405 650C376 660 341 666 307 666C181 666 98 590 98 485C98 400 170 343 215 310L246 288C307 243 343 204 343 147C343 67 291 18 219 18C104 18 61 124 51 202L23 199C28 124 27 71 27 47C47 22 122 -16 204 -16C324 -16 428 60 428 174C428 256 379 309 307 360L276 382C223 419 179 455 179 516C179 576 221 632 293 632C379 632 410 564 418 487L448 490C446 536 446 592 449 634Z" id="g113-84"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="472" vert-adv-y="472"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.071,3.132)"><path d="M262 451C169 451 38 375 38 210C38 98 121 -12 261 -12C360 -12 481 64 481 227C481 351 386 451 262 451ZM249 414C337 414 385 320 385 204C385 70 333 25 272 25C189 25 134 117 134 241C134 355 189 414 249 414Z" id="g58-109"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="519" vert-adv-y="519"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.684,3.132)"><path d="M138 535C169 535 191 560 191 589C191 620 168 644 139 644S85 620 85 589C85 560 110 535 138 535ZM257 0V30C192 35 185 43 185 109V453C142 435 94 422 40 414V386C101 378 104 372 104 311V109C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H257Z" id="g58-103"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="275" vert-adv-y="275"></glyph.data></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 14.7934ptpx;"><svg height="11.9316pt" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.7934 11.9316" width="14.7934pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M449 634C442 637 425 643 405 650C376 660 341 666 307 666C181 666 98 590 98 485C98 400 170 343 215 310L246 288C307 243 343 204 343 147C343 67 291 18 219 18C104 18 61 124 51 202L23 199C28 124 27 71 27 47C47 22 122 -16 204 -16C324 -16 428 60 428 174C428 256 379 309 307 360L276 382C223 419 179 455 179 516C179 576 221 632 293 632C379 632 410 564 418 487L448 490C446 536 446 592 449 634Z" id="g113-84"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="472" vert-adv-y="472"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.071,3.132)"><path d="M262 451C169 451 38 375 38 210C38 98 121 -12 261 -12C360 -12 481 64 481 227C481 351 386 451 262 451ZM249 414C337 414 385 320 385 204C385 70 333 25 272 25C189 25 134 117 134 241C134 355 189 414 249 414Z" id="g58-109"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="519" vert-adv-y="519"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.684,3.132)"><path d="M185 344V453C137 433 92 421 41 413V386C100 378 104 375 104 310V106C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H268V30C190 35 185 41 185 107V283C206 340 240 371 267 371C282 371 296 364 310 351C316 344 325 343 336 348C357 357 369 378 369 399C369 424 345 451 310 451C262 451 219 397 187 344H185Z" id="g58-112"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="380" vert-adv-y="380"></glyph.data></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 14.7934ptpx;"><svg height="14.0507pt" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.9482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 14.7934 14.0507" width="14.7934pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M449 634C442 637 425 643 405 650C376 660 341 666 307 666C181 666 98 590 98 485C98 400 170 343 215 310L246 288C307 243 343 204 343 147C343 67 291 18 219 18C104 18 61 124 51 202L23 199C28 124 27 71 27 47C47 22 122 -16 204 -16C324 -16 428 60 428 174C428 256 379 309 307 360L276 382C223 419 179 455 179 516C179 576 221 632 293 632C379 632 410 564 418 487L448 490C446 536 446 592 449 634Z" id="g113-84"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="472" vert-adv-y="472"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.136,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z" id="g50-43"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="611" vert-adv-y="611"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.071,3.784)"><path d="M262 451C169 451 38 375 38 210C38 98 121 -12 261 -12C360 -12 481 64 481 227C481 351 386 451 262 451ZM249 414C337 414 385 320 385 204C385 70 333 25 272 25C189 25 134 117 134 241C134 355 189 414 249 414Z" id="g58-109"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="519" vert-adv-y="519"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.684,3.784)"><path d="M185 344V453C137 433 92 421 41 413V386C100 378 104 375 104 310V106C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H268V30C190 35 185 41 185 107V283C206 340 240 371 267 371C282 371 296 364 310 351C316 344 325 343 336 348C357 357 369 378 369 399C369 424 345 451 310 451C262 451 219 397 187 344H185Z" id="g58-112"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="380" vert-adv-y="380"></glyph.data></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 13.8344ptpx;"><svg height="14.0507pt" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.9482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 13.8344 14.0507" width="13.8344pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M449 634C442 637 425 643 405 650C376 660 341 666 307 666C181 666 98 590 98 485C98 400 170 343 215 310L246 288C307 243 343 204 343 147C343 67 291 18 219 18C104 18 61 124 51 202L23 199C28 124 27 71 27 47C47 22 122 -16 204 -16C324 -16 428 60 428 174C428 256 379 309 307 360L276 382C223 419 179 455 179 516C179 576 221 632 293 632C379 632 410 564 418 487L448 490C446 536 446 592 449 634Z" id="g113-84"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="472" vert-adv-y="472"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.136,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z" id="g50-43"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="611" vert-adv-y="611"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.071,3.784)"><path d="M262 451C169 451 38 375 38 210C38 98 121 -12 261 -12C360 -12 481 64 481 227C481 351 386 451 262 451ZM249 414C337 414 385 320 385 204C385 70 333 25 272 25C189 25 134 117 134 241C134 355 189 414 249 414Z" id="g58-109"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="519" vert-adv-y="519"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.684,3.784)"><path d="M138 535C169 535 191 560 191 589C191 620 168 644 139 644S85 620 85 589C85 560 110 535 138 535ZM257 0V30C192 35 185 43 185 109V453C142 435 94 422 40 414V386C101 378 104 372 104 311V109C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H257Z" id="g58-103"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="275" vert-adv-y="275"></glyph.data></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">Land trapping coefficient (<svg height="8.8423pt" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.8162 8.8423" width="8.8162pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z" id="g113-68"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="668" vert-adv-y="668"></glyph.data></g></svg>)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">138 </td><td class="align_center">0.699</td><td class="align_center">0.245</td><td class="align_center">0.351</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">1.85</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">78 </td><td class="align_center">0.659</td><td class="align_center">0.205</td><td class="align_center">0.311</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">2.21</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">35 </td><td class="align_center">0.709</td><td class="align_center">0.163</td><td class="align_center">0.230</td><td class="align_center">1</td><td class="align_center">3.35</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Initial-residual curve (IRC) analysis for ultracentrifuge (oil viscosity 4.3 mPa⋅s).

Journal of Petroleum Engineering

tab6

Table 6

Table 6: Effect of Pore-Scale Heterogeneity and Capillary-Viscous Fingering on Commingled Waterflood Oil Recovery in Stratified Porous Media 