Advances in Epidemiology

Research Article

Smoking and Heberden Nodes: Analysis of Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Chi-square analysis of Heberden’s nodes by the variables, Osteoarthritis Initiative data.


Heberden’s nodes	Yes	Row %	No.	Row %	value

Smoking					.0006
Yes, current	67	21.6	243	78.4
Never (<5 packs/lifetime)	752	31.2	1661	68.8
Sex					<.0001
Female	647	39.8	978	60.2
Male	172	15.7	926	84.3
Race/ethnicity					<.0001
Non-Hispanic White	706	32.9	1442	67.1
Non-Hispanic Black	90	17.4	426	82.6
Hispanic/other	23	39.0	36	61.0
Age					<.0001
45 to <56	187	17.9	860	82.1
≥56 to <66	269	32.5	558	67.5
≥66	363	42.8	486	57.2
Body mass index					<.0001
<25 (normal weight)	247	34.8	462	65.2
≥25 to <30 (overweight)	330	31.3	724	68.7
≥30 (obese)	242	25.2	718	74.8
Right knee radiographic evaluation					.0190
Normal	124	24.2	388	75.8
Possible osteoarthritis	288	30.1	669	69.9
Mild	178	32.7	366	67.3
Moderate	181	32.4	378	67.6
Severe	48	31.8	103	68.2
Family history of osteoarthritis					.0172
Yes	91	36.7	157	63.5
No	728	29.4	1747	70.6
Charlson index					.7836
0	621	29.9	1453	70.1
≥1	198	30.5	451	69.5
Education					.0017
High school or less	158	36.4	276	63.6
More than high school	661	28.9	1628	71.1
Alcohol use (drinks/week)					.1025
0–3	646	31.0	1438	69.0
4–7	104	29.3	251	70.7
8–14	45	22.7	153	77.3
15 and above	24	27.9	62	72.1
MOS SF-12 quartiles					.0037
Quartile 1	218	33.3	437	66.7
Quartile 2	217	32.5	451	67.5
Quartile 3	193	30.0	450	70.0
Quartile 4	191	25.2	566	74.8

Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 version 2 physical summary scale.