Energy Management Strategy Implementation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Genetic Algorithm Tuned Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Controller

<div>SOC status: (a) SOC variation over the trip and (b) SOC variation with engine on/off condition.</div>

International Journal of Vehicular Technology

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Figure 12

Figure 12: Energy Management Strategy Implementation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Genetic Algorithm Tuned Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Controller 

Figure 12 | Energy Management Strategy Implementation for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Genetic Algorithm Tuned Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle Controller 