Enzymes in Food Processing: A Condensed Overview on Strategies for Better Biocatalysts

Table 3

Examples of enzymes isolated from various marine higher organisms with potential of application in food and feed (adapted from [68, 69]).

Class	Enzyme	Source
Transferases	Transglutaminase	Muscles of atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus), botan shrimp (Pandalus nipponensis), carp (Cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis).
Hydrolases	Amylase	Gilt-head (sea) bream (Sparus aurata), found in Mediterranean sea and coastal North Atlantic Ocean.
		Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), found mostly in Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Baltic, Black and Mediterranean seas, and Southeast the Pacific Ocean
		Deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella, found in North Atlantic).
	Chymotrypsin	Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), crayfish, white shrimp.
	Pepsin	Arctic capelin (Mallotus villosus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
	Protease	Marine sponges Spheciospongia vesperia, found in Caribbean sea and South Atlantic, close to Brazil, and Geodia cydonium, found in Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean sea.
		Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata), found in estuaries and mangroves of Africa, Asia and Australia.
		Sardine Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus)