Dry Powder Inhalers: A Focus on Advancements in Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Table 3

SLN and NLC based DPI formulations.

Drug	Method of preparation	Major ingredient	Assembly, device, capsules, and flow rate (L/min)	Percentage of FPF	Reference
Solid lipid nanoparticles
Thymopentin	Double emulsion technique followed by co-SD	Glyceryl monostearate and SPC (1 : 1, w/w), poloxamer 188, mannitol, and leucine	TSI, #3 HPMC, and 60 for 10 sec	51.07 ± 1.21	[39]
Nanostructured lipid carriers
Montelukast	Melt emulsification-homogenization followed by LP	Precirol ATO5, Capryol-90, and mannitol	ACI, Rotahaler, #3 gelatin, and 60 for 4 sec	90.22 ± 2.60	[40]
Rosuvastatin	Melt-emulsification and ultrasonication followed by LP	Lauric acid, Capryol-90, mannitol, and L-leucine	ACI, Rotahaler, #3 gelatin, and 60	91.25 ± 3.57	[41]

co-SD: closed spray drying; LP: lyophilization; SPC: soybean phosphatidylcholine.