Imagine the Superiority of Dry Powder Inhalers from Carrier Engineering
Table 3
Excipients suitable for use in DPIs-based pulmonary delivery.
Excipients
Molecular formula
Molecular weight (g/mol)
ethal dose (g/kg)
Sugar carriers
-Lactose monohydrate
360.310
>1
Mannitol
182.172
13.5
Trehalose dihydrate
378.327
5
Sorbitol
182.170
Raffinose pentahydrate
594.513
-
Maltose monohydrate
360.312
34.8
Dextrose monohydrate
198.171
25.8
Xylitol
152.146
17.3
Erythritol
122.120
13
Sucrose
342.297
29.7
Cyclodextrins
-Cyclodextrin
972.846
-Cyclodextrin
1134.987
18.8
-Cyclodextrin
1297.128
8.0
Metal stearate
Magnesium stearate
591.257
>1
Calcium stearate
607.030
>10 and >12
Zinc stearate
632.332
>10 and >12
Amino acid
Leucine
131.175
-
Trileucine
357.495
-
ethal dose (LD50): in rats after oral administration. Limits as per USFDA-α-LM: 24.95 mg and Mg. Stearate: 0.13 mg. ethal dose (LD50): in mouse after oral administration. ethal dose (LD50): in rat after intravenous administration. ethal concentration (LC50): in mammal after inhalation.
