Research Article
An Emotion Detection System Based on Multi Least Squares Twin Support Vector Machine
Table 2
Extracted speech features after using PRAAT.
| Attributes | Subattributes | Description |
|
Fundamental frequency | MDVP: Fo (Hz) | Median vocal fundamental frequency | MDVP: Fhi (Hz) | Maximum vocal fundamental frequency | MDVP: Flo (Hz) | Minimum vocal fundamental frequency | St.dev.: F0 (Hz) | Standard deviation vocal fundamental frequency | Mean: Fm0 (Hz) | Mean vocal fundamental frequency |
| Pulses | Npul | Number of pulses | Nper | Number of periods | Mper (ms) | Mean period | St.dev. per (ms) | Standard deviation period |
| Voicing | Fofl (%) | Fraction of locally unvoiced frames | NofV | Number of voice breaks | DofV | Degree of voice breaks |
| Jitter | JL (%) | Jitter (local) | JLA (ms) | Jitter (local, abs) | JPP (%) | Jitter (ppq5) | JR (%) | Jitter (rap) |
| Shimmer | SL (%) | Shimmer (local) | SLD (dB) | Shimmer (local, dB) | SA3 (%) | Shimmer (apq3) | SA5 (%) | Shimmer (apq5) | SA11 (%) | Shimmer (apq11) |
| Harmonicity | MA | Mean autocorrelation | MNHR | Mean NHR | MHNR (dB) | Mean HNR |
|
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