Research Article
An Emotion Detection System Based on Multi Least Squares Twin Support Vector Machine
Table 2
Extracted speech features after using PRAAT.
| | Attributes | Subattributes | Description |
| |
Fundamental frequency | MDVP: Fo (Hz) | Median vocal fundamental frequency | | MDVP: Fhi (Hz) | Maximum vocal fundamental frequency | | MDVP: Flo (Hz) | Minimum vocal fundamental frequency | | St.dev.: F0 (Hz) | Standard deviation vocal fundamental frequency | | Mean: Fm0 (Hz) | Mean vocal fundamental frequency |
| | Pulses | Npul | Number of pulses | | Nper | Number of periods | | Mper (ms) | Mean period | | St.dev. per (ms) | Standard deviation period |
| | Voicing | Fofl (%) | Fraction of locally unvoiced frames | | NofV | Number of voice breaks | | DofV | Degree of voice breaks |
| | Jitter | JL (%) | Jitter (local) | | JLA (ms) | Jitter (local, abs) | | JPP (%) | Jitter (ppq5) | | JR (%) | Jitter (rap) |
| | Shimmer | SL (%) | Shimmer (local) | | SLD (dB) | Shimmer (local, dB) | | SA3 (%) | Shimmer (apq3) | | SA5 (%) | Shimmer (apq5) | | SA11 (%) | Shimmer (apq11) |
| | Harmonicity | MA | Mean autocorrelation | | MNHR | Mean NHR | | MHNR (dB) | Mean HNR |
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