Evolutionary History of Terrestrial Pathogens and Endoparasites as Revealed in Fossils and Subfossils

Table 1

Records of the human stomach worm, Ascaris lumbricoides, from global archaeological sites.

Country	Site	Date	Reference
France	Clairvaux, Jura	3600 BC	[149]
	Chalain, Jura	2700–2440 BC	[149]
	Bobigny	2nd century AD	[175]
	Paris	14th-15th century AD	[176]
	Marly-le-Roi, Yveline	17th-18th century AD	[177]
Germany	Drobintz girl	600 BC	[178]
	Bremerhaven	100 BC–500 AD	[179]
	Lübeck and other cities	15th century AD	[180]
England	Somerset	4100–2600 BP	[181]
	Winchester	Roman period	[182]
	Lindow Man	2nd century AD	[183]
	York	2nd-3rd century AD	[184]
	York	9th-10th century AD	[185]
	Winchester	1000 years	[186]
	Winchester	1100 AD	[187]
	Southampton	13th-14th century AD	[188]
	York	14th–16th century AD	[189]
	Worcester	15th century	[190]
N. America	Kentucky Salts Cave	1125–290 BC	[191]
	Tennessee Big Bone Cave	2177±145 BP	[192]
	Arizona Elden Pueblo	1070–1250 AD	[193]
	Adak Island, Alaska	840±40 BP	[194]
	Williamsburg, Virginia	1720 AD	[195]
Africa	Kruger Cave, Rustenburg	10,000–7,000 BP	[196]
Middle East	Egypt PUM mummy	200 BC	[197]
	Acre, Israel	13 century AD	[198]
S. America	Huarmey Valley, Peru	2277BC±181	[199]
	Gentio Cave, Brazil	3490±120 BP	[106]
	Brazil sites	8800–7000 BP	[200]
New Zealand	Wellington	150–200 years	[201]