Evaluation of the Phytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Using Vigna radiata and Allium cepa

Table 1

Physicochemical characteristics of pulp and paper mill effluent. Values are mean ± SD of three samples.

Parameters	Values (mg/L)
	Effluent samples ()	Effluent standard
pH	8.2 ± 0.1	5.5–9.0
TDS	1080 ± 54	2100
EC (µS/cm)	1640 ± 82	1000
BOD	165 ± 8	30
COD	384 ± 19	250
Colour (CU)	1460 ± 73	NS
Lignin	249 ± 12	NS
Total phenol	44 ± 2	1.0
Sulphate	157 ± 37	1000
Heavy metals
Zn	0.051 ± 0.00	5.0
Fe	0.229 ± 0.01	3.0
Ni	0.02 ± 0.00	3.0
Mn	0.01 ± 0.00	2.0
Cu	0.006 ± 0.0	3.0
Cr	0.118 ± 0.01	2.0

Indian Standard Institute No. 2490 (1974); NS: not specified.