Evaluation of the Phytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Using Vigna radiata and Allium cepa
Table 5
Frequency of chromosomal aberrations and nuclear abnormalities in root tip cells of A. cepa following treatments with different concentrations of pulp and paper mill effluents.
Concentration (%)
Chromosomal aberrations
Nuclear abnormalities
Aberrant cells (%)
Stickiness
Bridge
Vagrant
Tripolar
Chromosomal break
c-metaphase
Binucleated cells
Micronuclei
0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
25
1.3 ± 0.6
2.0 ± 1.0
3.0 ± 1.0
2.0 ± 1.0
0.3 ± 0.6
4.0 ± 1.0
1.3 ± 0.6
0.0 ± 0.0
2.6 ± 1.0
50
7.0 ± 1.0
9.0 ± 1.0
9.0 ± 2.0
2.7 ± 1.2
3.0 ± 1.0
14.3 ± 2.1
2.7 ± 0.6
1.3 ± 0.6
9.1 ± 1.7
75
4.3 ± 0.6
3.0 ± 1.0
6.3 ± 1.5
1.3 ± 0.6
2.7 ± 0.6
13.0 ± 2.0
2.7 ± 1.2
2.3 ± 0.6
6.6 ± 1.4
100
3.7 ± 1.2
4.7 ± 1.5
2.7 ± 1.2
3.0 ± 1.0
2.7 ± 0.6
13.3 ± 1.5
3.0 ± 1.0
1.7 ± 0.6
6.4 ± 1.0
Values are mean ± SD of three samples. , significant when compared to control using ANOVA. Chromosomal aberrations were scored on 100–500 cells per slide.
