Musculoskeletal Regenerative Engineering: Biomaterials, Structures, and Small Molecules
Figure 2
Braided ACL device composed of synthetic polyester fibers [18]. (a) Braided 3D poly-L-lactide (PLLA) ligament scaffolds showing the macrostructure of the bony attachment and intra-articular zone. (b) SEM micrograph showing rabbit ACL cells on PLLA scaffolds after 3 days of culture. In vivo assessment of the tissue-engineered ligament was done in male New Zealand white rabbits. (c) Unseeded synthetic ACL after 12 weeks of healing shows moderate collagen infiltration between fiber bundles; and (d) seeded synthetic ACL after 12 weeks of healing shows enhanced tissue infiltration. “Reprinted from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 [8], Cooper et al. Biomimetic tissue-engineered anterior cruciate ligament replacement, 3049–54, 2007, with permission from The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.”
