Endogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 as a Potential Mediator of the Resolution of Diabetic Kidney Disease following Roux en Y Gastric Bypass: Evidence and Perspectives

Table 1

Summary of studies reporting on the effect of bariatric surgery on diabetic kidney disease.

Study type	Citation	Intervention		Follow-up	Effect on DKD
Prospective	Iaconelli et al. [17]	BPD versus usual care; (case-control)	50	10 years	Improved GFR and improvement and remission of albuminuria
	Navarro-Díaz et al. [18]	RYGB against healthy controls	61	2 years	Reduction and remission of albuminuria
	Amor et al. [19]	RYGB and VSG; (observational)	96	12 months	Reduction and remission of albuminuria
	Fenske et al. [20]	RYGB, LAGB, and VSG; (observational)	30	12 months	Improved renal inflammation and reduced serum cystatin C
Retrospective	Brethauer et al. [12]	RYGB, VSG, and LAGB	217	5 years	Regression of diabetic nephropathy
	Miras et al. [22]	RYGB, VSG, and LAGB	84	12–18 months	Reduction in mean urinary ACRs
	Johnson et al. [21]	Not specified	15,951	>13 years	Reduction in microvascular composite
	Heneghan et al. [23]	RYGB, VSG, and LAGB	52	5 years	Reduction, prevention, and remission of albuminuria
	Carlsson et al. [24]	RYGB, VBG, and LAGB	3108	15 years	Halving of incidence of albuminuria
	Stephenson et al. [25]	LAGB	23	3 years	Inconsistent picture of albuminuria incidence, progression, and regression
	Jose et al. [26]	BPD	25	4 years	Reduction in creatinemia and improvement in eGFR
	Hou et al. [27]	RYGB, VSG, and LAGB	233	12 months	Improvement in eGFR across grades of CKD and reduction in hyperfiltration