Predictors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Commercial Minibus Drivers in Accra Metropolis, Ghana
Table 2
Factors associated with MSDs among the participants ().
Characteristic
/
OR (95% CI)
value
aOR (95% CI)
value
Age (years)
<40
67/79
1
40–50
30/42
0.5 (0.2–1.2)
0.121
>50
19/27
0.9 (0.3–2.8)
0.900
Marital status
Married
92/112
1
Single
24/36
0.4 (0.2–1.0)
0.053
Education
Primary/junior high school
61/79
1
Senior high school equivalent
55/69
1.2 (0.5–2.5)
0.713
Religion
Christian
96/117
1
1
Muslim*
21/31
2.5 (1.0–6.0)
0.039
2.2 (0.7–6.3)
0.170
Alcohol
No
48/65
1
Yes
68/83
1.6 (0.7–3.5)
0.238
Smoking
No
27/34
1
Yes
89/114
0.9 (0.4–2.4)
0.868
Sports activities
Yes
13/23
1
1
No
103/125
3.6 (1.4–9.3)
0.008
4.7 (1.4–15.8)
0.011
Type of driver
Owner
22/26
1
Employee
94/122
0.6 (0.2–1.9)
0.398
Driving duration (years)
<5
34/48
1
5–10
46/59
1.8 (0.6–5.2)
0.263
>10
36/43
1.5 (0.5–4.0)
0.471
Driving time per day (hours)
≤12
20/32
1
1
>12
96/116
2.9 (1.2–6.8)
0.016
2.8 (1.0–7.5)
0.046
Driving time per week (days)
<5
22/44
1
1
5–7
89/104
3.7 (1.7–8.5)
0.002
4.0 (1.5–10.2)
0.004
Perceived job stress
None
23/38
1
1
1
Yes
93/110
3.6 (1.6–8.2)
0.003
2.8 (0.9–8.2)
0.066
Job satisfaction
Satisfied
55/83
1
1
Dissatisfied
61/65
4.5 (1.7–11.7)
0.002
3.0 (1.0–9.5)
0.058
/: Number of subjects with MSDs/number of subjects in each category. *Muslims and other religions combined due to very low frequency of the latter. OR: odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.