The Influence of Psychiatric Comorbidity on Inpatient Outcomes following Distal Humerus Fractures

Table 2

Prevalence of comorbidities and bivariate analysis in patients with distal humerus fractures comparing those with a concomitant diagnosis of depression, anxiety, dementia, or schizophrenia to those with none of these diagnoses.

Parameter (ICD-9)	Total ( = 526,185)	Psychiatric comorbidity
	Percentage (%)	None, %	Depression, %		Anxiety, %		Schizophrenia, %		Dementia, %
Thyroid disease (240–246)
No	97.86%	97.90%	94.49%	<0.001	98.17%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	96.10%	<0.001
Present	2.14%	2.10%	5.51%		1.83%		0.00%		3.90%
Diabetes mellitus (250)
No	95.25%	95.29%	91.58%	<0.001	95.85%	0.22	100.00%	<0.001	94.88%	0.4
Present	4.75%	4.71%	8.42%		4.15%		0.00%		5.12%
Obesity (278.00, 278.01)
No	99.66%	99.66%	99.36%	<0.001	100.00%	0.006	100.00%	0.056	100.00%	0.011
Present	0.34%	0.34%	0.64%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Hypertensive disease (401–405)
No	90.72%	90.94%	74.61%	<0.001	95.85%	<0.001	96.44%	<0.001	78.44%	<0.001
Present	9.28%	9.06%	25.39%		4.15%		3.56%		21.56%
Old myocardial infarction (412)
No	99.48%	99.52%	96.04%	<0.001	100.00%	0.001	100.00%	0.023	100.00%	0.003
Present	0.52%	0.48%	3.96%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Coronary artery disease (414.01)
No	99.03%	99.14%	91.51%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	0.002	94.40%	<0.001
Present	0.97%	0.86%	8.49%		0.00%		0.00%		5.60%
Atrial fibrillation (427.31)
No	98.04%	98.14%	90.58%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	94.29%	<0.001
Present	1.96%	1.86%	9.42%		0.00%		0.00%		5.71%
Congestive heart failure (428)
No	98.17%	98.21%	97.69%	0.001	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	85.06%	<0.001
Present	1.83%	1.79%	2.31%		0.00%		0.00%		14.94%
Chronic pulmonary disease (490–496)
No	99.93%	99.93%	99.58%	<0.001	100.00%	0.215	100.00%	0.387	100.00%	0.252
Present	0.07%	0.07%	0.42%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Connective tissue disease (710)
No	99.93%	99.93%	100.00%	0.03	100.00%	0.215	100.00%	0.387	100.00%	0.252
Present	0.07%	0.07%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Osteoporosis (733.0)
No	98.46%	98.70%	90.51%	<0.001	71.52%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	89.49%	<0.001
Present	1.54%	1.30%	9.49%		28.48%		0.00%		10.51%