(Photo)electrochemical Methods for the Determination of the Band Edge Positions of TiO₂-Based Nanomaterials

Figure 2

Fermi levels and quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes for an n-type semiconductor: (a) at thermodynamic equilibrium (in the dark); (b) and (c) under illumination; (c) local excitation; x is the distance from the semiconductor surface (adapted from [128]).

(a)

(b)

(c)