Plasma Formation during Acoustic Cavitation: Toward a New Paradigm for Sonochemistry

Figure 4

Simplified representation of the experimental setup and MBSL spectrum obtained for the sonication of (Ce_0.9Tb_0.1)PO₄ pellet with optimized horn-sample distance and focusing near the ultrasonic horn (9°C, Ar, 𝑓 = 20 kHz, 𝐼 = 18 W⋅cm⁻²). Reproduced with permission from [48].