Factors in Mental Health Problems among Japanese Dialysis Patients Living in Heavily Damaged Prefectures Two Years after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Table 3
Direct effects of aggravating/mitigating factors on mental health problemsa.
PTSD and depressionb
PTSD onlyb
Depression onlyb
Odds ratioc (95% CI)
Odds ratioc (95% CI)
Odds ratioc (95% CI)
The number of traumatic experiences caused by disaster
1.494 (1.288–1.733)***
1.425 (1.293–1.572)***
1.299 (1.037–1.626)*
Experience of life stressors after the earthquake
3.858 (2.307–6.452)***
2.096 (1.560–2.816)***
1.151 (0.566–2.339)
Gender (male = 1, female = 0)
0.655 (0.420–1.021)
0.735 (0.562–0.963)*
1.473 (0.764–2.840)
Education
0.916 (0.820–1.024)
0.922 (0.863–0.986)*
1.052 (0.907–1.221)
Income
0.934 (0.781–1.117)
0.912 (0.820–1.015)
0.810 (0.623–1.051)
Experience of depression prior to the earthquake
4.971 (3.062–8.069)***
2.058 (1.454–2.912)***
5.032 (2.606–9.717)***
Experience of trauma prior to the earthquake
1.520 (0.950–2.432)
1.517 (1.151–2.000)**
0.527 (0.282–0.986)*
Levels of disability in activities of daily living prior to the earthquake
1.579 (1.313–1.899)***
1.200 (1.066–1.351)**
1.330 (1.026–1.724)*
Levels of awareness of disaster planning
0.751 (0.634–0.891)**
1.049 (0.954–1.153)
0.810 (0.642–1.020)
Social support
0.862 (0.776–0.959)**
0.927 (0.864–0.994)*
0.963 (0.825–1.124)
Age
1.022 (1.000–1.045)
1.021 (1.007–1.035)**
0.969 (0.942–0.998)*
Period of taking dialysis
1.011 (0.983–1.038)
0.997 (0.981–1.013)
0.998 (0.960–1.037)
an = 1,540. bReference category was “neither PTSD nor depression.” cOdds ratio means changes in odds ratio if each factor increases by one point. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.
