The Effectiveness and Applicability of Compensatory Cognitive Training for Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Domains and strategies included in compensatory cognitive training [31].

Targeted domain	Importance for everyday functioning	Compensatory strategies
Prospective memory	(i) Remembering to go to work or school; (ii) Remembering to take medications; (iii) Remembering to turn in school assignments; (iv) Remembering to do assigned tasks at work in response to cues	(1) Daily calendar use; (2) To-do lists and prioritizing tasks; (3) Linking tasks by using reminders or using routines to automate tasks; (4) Automatic place
Attention and vigilance	(i) Paying attention to communications from supervisors and coworkers; (ii) Maintaining attention in class or while studying; (iii) Maintaining attention for work tasks or household projects without getting distracted	(1) Conversational vigilance skills (reduce distractions, eye contact, paraphrasing, and asking questions); (2) Task vigilance skills (use self-talk during tasks to maintain focus, taking breaks to refocus)
Learning and memory	(i) Learning and remembering work tasks; (ii) Learning novel information in school or vocational training; (iii) Learning and remembering names of supervisors and coworkers	(1) Encoding strategies (taking notes, paraphrasing, association, chunking, categorizing, acronyms, rhymes, visual imagery, and overlearning); (2) Retrieval strategies; (3) Name-learning strategies
Executive functioning	(i) Problem solving and coping with unexpected situations on the job or in vocational training, or at home; (ii) Being able to balance demands of work/school with home/family needs; (iii) Thinking flexibly and self-monitoring performance at work	(1) 6-step problem solving method (define problem, brainstorm solutions, evaluate solutions systematically, select a solution, try it, and evaluate how it worked); (2) Self-talk while solving problems; (3) Hypothesis testing; (4) Self-monitoring