The Effectiveness and Applicability of Compensatory Cognitive Training for Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
Table 3
Means and standard deviations of evaluation time by group and group-by-time interaction effects.
CCT group
TAU group
Interaction
T1
T2
T3
T1
T2
T3
value
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Neuropsychological scores
()
()
Verbal memory
JVLT recall total
28.9 (6.1)
35.9 (5.0)
31.1 (7.0)
26.5 (6.5)
23.8 (4.9)
24.4 (7.5)
5.25
0.018
0.396
RBMT immediate recall
13.1 (4.2)
16.1 (3.1)
15.0 (5.2)
12.6 (5.4)
11.4 (5.8)
12.9 (5.5)
3.65
0.049
0.313
JVLT delayed recall
11.4 (2.9)
13.1 (2.7)
12.2 (2.8)
10.5 (2.3)
8.6 (3.1)
8.5 (3.4)
2.77
0.093
0.257
RBMT delayed recall
11.6 (4.0)
14.4 (4.0)
14.6 (5.7)
11.4 (5.2)
10.9 (6.2)
10.9 (4.8)
3.03
0.077
0.274
Processing speed
Digit symbol raw score
70.6 (14.8)
80.7 (15.7)
79.5 (16.2)
76.3 (18.0)
78.0 (16.9)
76.3 (16.7)
7.37
0.005
0.479
TMT-A time
39.8 (14.4)
27.2 (10.3)
31.0 (15.3)
38.0 (11.1)
34.5 (11.1)
31.1 (8.51)
5.09
0.020
0.389
Executive functioning
WCST completed categories
5.4 (1.8)
6.0 (0.0)
6.0 (0.0)
5.3 (2.1)
5.0 (2.1)
4.5 (2.8)
1.12
0.350
0.123
TMT-B time
75.6 (36.2)
65.9 (35.1)
68.0 (29.3)
74.3 (27.4)
69.4 (18.5)
66.5 (31.2)
0.23
0.796
0.028
Functional outcomes
()
()
Social functioning, SFS-J
93.7 (25.4)
109.2 (17.8)
105.3 (23.3)
109.5 (20.5)
108.9 (24.4)
119.1 (21.3)
2.16
0.152
0.244
SFS-J for family
94.8 (27.5)
120.6 (28.6)
105.4 (25.4)
102.0 (21.9)
96.8 (25.1)
102.0 (32.8)
6.91
0.008
0.483
Clinical symptoms
()
()
SAPS positive symptoms
15.7 (11.8)
9.1 (12.8)
8.4 (10.4)
33.9 (26.1)
31.0 (26.0)
32.4 (35.1)
1.15
0.341
0.126
SANS negative symptoms
42.5 (17.2)
38.2 (9.9)
37.1 (9.5)
51.5 (13.2)
46.8 (11.7)
44.9 (11.7)
0.03
0.972
0.004
T1 = baseline evaluation time, T2 = postintervention evaluation time, T3 = follow-up evaluation time, JVLT = Japanese Verbal Learning Test, RBMT = Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test, TMT-A = Trail Making Test-A, WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, TMT-B = Trail Making Test-B, SFS-J = Social Functioning Scale, Japanese version, SAPS = Scale for Positive Symptoms, and SANS = Scale for Negative Symptoms.
