Diversity of the DNA Replication System in the Archaea Domain
Table 1
DNA replication proteins and features in the domains Bacteria, Eukaryota, and the two major phyla of the Archaea domain. Modified from [43].
DNA replication stage
Process
Bacteria
Eukaryota
Archaea
Crenarchaeota
Euryarchaeota
Preinitiation
Origin of replication
Single
Multiple
Multiple
Singlea
Origin recognition
DnaA
ORC complex (ORC 1-6)
Orc1/Cdc6
Orc1/Cdc6b
Initiation
DNA unwinding (Helicase)
DnaB
MCM complex (MCM 2-7)
MCM complex
MCM complex
DNA unwinding (Accessory proteins)
DnaC
Cdc6
GINS23/GINS15
GINS15c
Cdt1
GINS complex (Sld5, Psf1-3)
RecJ homolog?
RecJ homolog?
Cdc45
Primer synthesis
DnaG
Pol /primase complex
DNA primase (PriSL)/DnaGd
DNA primase (PriSL)
Elongation
DNA synthesis (polymerase)
Pol III (Family C DNA polymerase)
Pol, and Pol (Family B DNA polymerase)
Family B DNA polymerase
Family D DNA polymerasee
DNA synthesis (Processivity factors)
-complex (clamp loader)
RFC (clamp loader)
RFC (clamp loader)
RFC (clamp loader)
-clamp (clamp)
PCNA (clamp)
PCNA (clamp)
PCNA (clamp)
Maturation
Maturation (Okazaki fragment processing)
Pol I (family A DNA polymerase)
Fen1/Dna2
Fen1
Fen1
RNase H
RNase H
RNase H
RNase H
DNA ligase
DNA ligase
DNA ligase
DNA ligase
Exception, the order Halobacteriales.
bNot known for members of the Euryarchaeota orders Methanococcales and Methanopyrales.
cGINS23 has been founded only in the order Thermococcales of the Euryarchaeota.
dSulfolobus solfataricus did show primase activity in vitro.
eFamily B DNA polymerase is also essential in Halobacterium. Because its function has not been clearly elucidated, it might also play a role in replication in this and closely related organisms.