Archaeal Diversity and CO₂ Fixers in Carbonate-/Siliciclastic-Rock Groundwater Ecosystems

Figure 1

Phylogenetic affiliations of the RNA- and DNA-based archaeal 16S rRNA gene reads in percent of the total reads, in all groundwater samples for August 2014, in aquifer rock samples, and in surface soil samples. Red-dashed boxes represent DNA-based rock samples. MG-I, marine group I; SCG, soil crenarchaeotal group; RC-V, rice cluster V; SAGMCG, South African gold mine crenarchaeotal group; DHVE-6, deep sea hydrothermal vent euryarchaeotal group 6; DSEG, deep sea euryarchaeotal group; VAL-III, Valkea Kotinen lake group III; FSCG, forest soil crenarchaeotal group; Thaum., Thaumarchaeota; Woese., Woesearchaeota; Eury., Euryarchaeota; Diaph., Diapherotrites. S1 to S4 are the soil-sampling sites, and H3–1 to H5–3 are the groundwater wells.