Cytokines and Growth Factors Promote Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Figure 2
Induction of the MAPK and PI3K signaling in human bronchial ASMCs incubated with TNF-α. Left: Western blot analysis with (a) antiphospho-p42/44, (b) antiphospho-p38, and (c) antiphospho-Akt and anti-β-actin antibodies in total protein cell extracts from human bronchial smooth muscle cells incubated for 4 h with TNF-α (1 ng/mL). Right: mean fold expression of phospho-p42/44, phospho-p38 or phospho-Akt normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and refers to the number of independent experiments. * and *** compared to control (one-way ANOVA with statistically significant differences between groups being determined by Bonferroni’s posttest).
