Defatted Black Soldier Fly Meal in Diet for Grow-Out Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L. 1758): Effects on Growth Performance, Gill Cortisol Level, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Intestinal Histological Structure

Table 1

Ingredients and proximate composition of HI larvae meal and experimental diets.

	HI larvae meal	CTRL	HI25	HI50	HI75
Ingredients (g/kg)
FM (Chile, super prime)^a	—	300	225	150	75
HI larvae meal^b		0	92	184	276
Wheat meal	—	80	63	46	29
Soy protein concentrate	—	75	75	75	75
Corn gluten	—	180	180	180	180
Soybean meal	—	150	150	150	150
Fish oil	—	120	120	120	120
Starch gelatinized, D500	—	60	60	60	60
Mineral mixture^c	—	10	10	10	10
Vitamin mixture^d	—	10	10	10	10
Methionine	—	7	7	7	7
Lysine	—	8	8	8	8
Proximate composition^e
DM, g/100 g	91	91.25	91.3	91.35	91.4
CP, g/100 g DM	54.5	47.4	47.2	47.1	46.9
EE, g/100 g DM	8.5	17.0	17.1	17.1	17.2
Ash, g/100 g DM	7.6	8.7	8.1	7.5	6.9
Chitin, g/100 g DM	5.34	—	0.49	0.99	1.48
NFE, g/100 g DM^f	20.5	26.9	27.1	27.3	27.5
Gross energy, MJ/kg DM^g	—	22.13	22.26	22.38	22.52

HI, Hermetia illucens; FM, fish meal; DM, dry matter; CP, crude protein; EE, ether extract; NFE, nitrogen-free extracts. ^aFish meal was purchased from Corpesca S.A. (Santiago, Chile). Proximate composition (% as-fed basis): 90.4 DM; 66.7 CP; 8.3 EE; 14.9 Ash. ^bHermetia illucens larvae meal was purchased from Hermetia Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG (Baruth/Mark, Germany). ^cMineral mixture (g or mg·kg⁻¹ premixture): bicalcium phosphate 500 g; calcium carbonate 215 g; sodium salt 40 g; potassium chloride 90 g; magnesium chloride 124 g; magnesium carbonate 124 g; iron sulfate 20 g; zinc sulfate 4 g; copper sulfate 3 g; potassium iodide 4 mg; cobalt sulfate 20 mg; manganese sulfate 3 g; sodium fluoride 1 g (Granda Zootecnici, Cuneo, Italy). ^dVitamin mixture (IU or mg·kg⁻¹ premixture): DL-αtocopherolacetate, 60 IU; sodium menadione bisulfate, 5 mg; retinylacetate, 15,000 IU; DL-cholecalciferol, 3,000 IU; thiamin, 15 mg; riboflavin, 30 mg; pyridoxine, 15 mg; vitamin B12, 0.05 mg; nicotinic acid, 175 mg; folic acid, 500 mg; inositol, 1,000 mg; biotin, 2.5 mg; calcium panthothenate, 50 mg; choline chloride, 2,000 mg (Granda Zootecnici, Cuneo, Italy). ^eValues are reported as the mean of duplicate analyses. ^fCalculated as 100 − (CP + EE + Ash + Chitin). ^gDetermined by a calorimetric bomb.