Phosphatidylcholine in Krill Meal and Krill Oil as a Source of Choline for Prevention of Intestinal Steatosis in Atlantic Salmon

Table 1

Formulation and chemical composition of the experimental feeds.

	REF0	KO1	KO2	KM1	KM2	Ref high
Ingredients (%)
Fish meal LT	10	10	10	10	10	10
Soy protein concentrate	20	20	20	15.5	11.1	19.3
Krill meal	0	0	0	6.2	12.3	0
Krill oil	0	1.7	3.4	0	0	0
Corn gluten meal 65%	10	10	10	10	10	10
Vital wheat gluten	10	10	10	10	10	10
Wheat	20	20	20	20	20	20
Fish oil	18	16.3	14.6	16.3	14.6	18
Rapeseed oil	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1
Choline chloride	0	0	0	0	0	0.7
MCP	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
Limestone	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
L lys	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
L met	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
L trp	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
L arg	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
L thr	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.18
L val	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Stay C 35%	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Y2O3	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Premix	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Analyzed/estimated the composition of the experimental diets (%)
Dry matter	94.7	90.6	94.2	92.1	95.3	93.7
Crude protein (CP)	39.4	36.6	40.4	38.1	39.0	39.7
Fat (total FAs)	20.3	22.1	22.4	20.4	23.4	21.8
Starch	17.7	16.4	16.2	15.3	17.1	16.7
Ash	4.9	4.6	5.1	5.0	5.7	4.8
Gross energy (MJ/kg)	22.5	22.1	22.9	22.0	23.2	22.7
CP/gross energy (g/MJ)	17.5	16.6	17.6	17.3	16.8	17.5
EPA + DHA	24.4	27.6	28.2	25.3	31.3	26.5
n-3/n-6	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3
Estimated choline in supplements mg/Kg	0	1000	2000	1000	2000	3500
Analyzed total choline (mg/kg)	570	1530	2600	1420	2590	3970