Review Article
Etiopathogenesis of Insulin Autoimmunity
Table 3
Proinsulin and insulin peptides recognized by HLA-DQ, HLA-DR, and HLA-A2 compared to the epitopes recognized by IAA.
| Binding molecule | Proinsulin/insulin sequence | Reference |
| HLA—Class II | | | DQ8 (B1*03:02) | B9–B23 | [62] | DQ8c (A1*03:01-B1*03:02) | B13–B21 | [63] | DQ2c (A1*05:01-B1*02:01) | B13–B21 | [63] | DQ2t (A1*03:01-B1*02:01) | B13–B21 | [63] | DQ8t (A1*05:01-B1*03:02) | B13–B21 | [63] | DQ6.2 (A1*01:02-B1*06:02) | B6–B14 | [63] | DRB1*04:01 | A1–A15 | [42] | DR 04:01 | C19-A3, C35-A19 | [64] | DR 04:03 | C35-A19, A8–A21 | [64] | DR4 | A1–A13 | [65] | DRB1*04-DQ8 | B11-C24, C28-A21, B20-C4, C18-A1 | [66] | DRB1*04-DQ8 | B1–B16, B11–B27, C13–C29 | [67] |
| HLA—Class I | | |
A2 | C6(5)–C14 |
[68] | C6–C15 | A2 (A*02:01) | B10–B18 | [69] | A2-B8 | B10–B18 | [70] | A1-B8 | B17–B26 | [70] | A2 | B5–B14 | [71] | A3 | C22–C30, C25–C34 | [71] | B7 | S4–S13 | [71] | A2 | S15–23 | [52] |
| IAA | | | DRB1*04:06 | B3 (asp) | [72, 73] | DRB1*04-DQB1*03:02 | A8–A13 | [74] | Unknown | Insulin, not proinsulin | [75] | Unknown | A8–A10 | [76, 77] | Unknown | B1–B3, A17 | | Unknown | B1–B3, A8–A13 | [78] |
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c is cis and t is trans in transcription. S is signal peptide.
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