Tridimensional Regression for Comparing and Mapping 3D Anatomical Structures

Table 1

Description of landmarks used for evaluation (adapted from [14]).

tr	The point on the hairline in the midline of the forehead.
go	The most lateral point on the mandibular angle close to the bony gonion.
gn	The lowest median landmark on the lower border of the mandible.
en	The point at the inner commissure of the eye fissure.
ex	The point at the outer commissure of the eye fissure.
sci	The highest point on the upper boarder in the midportion of each eyebrow.
n	The midpoint of both the nasal root and the nasofrontal structure.
prn	The most protrudent point of the apex nasi.
ac	The most lateral point in the curved baseline of each ala.
ls	The midpoint of the upper vermillion line.
li	The midpoint of the lower vermillion line.
ch	The point located at each labial commissure.
sa	The highest point of the free margin of the auricle.
sba	The lowest point of the free margin of the ear lobe.
pa	The most posterior point on the free margin of the ear.
jm	The most protrudent point of the muscle when the jaw is clenched.